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The Character of a City

Every so often, someone releases a list of the most expensive cities in the world in which to live. Here’s an ABC News article on one from the Demographia International Housing Affordability Survey, listing the most unaffordable cities in the English-speaking world in relation to wages. My town is Sydney, ranking in second place.

I’ve been reflecting on what makes up a city – this city – when it’s so hard to live in it.

The Sydney property market (rental in particular) is notoriously vicious. There’s a musical about it this season, Open for Inspection, to illustrate. An unbelievable number of people will show up at every inspection, groups surging in the door for that fifteen minutes. This city has a reputation for being impersonal: it’s considered unusual to make eye contact and smile at strangers, and you’re considered to probably be out to steal from them if you do. (I mean, I’ve had shop assistants and cashiers look at me with shock and almost tearful gratefulness when I respond to a ‘hello, how’re you?’ with a ‘fine, thanks, and yourself?’) This kind of isolating menace is never more apparent than when it’s inspection time, from the powerplay around who gets in the door first, to who achieves the friendliest relationship with the real estate agent, to the little games around personal space. It’s a hard city in which to find somewhere affordable and liveable in which to place yourself, and it’s a big, unfriendly city. It is not expected that we be kind to one another.

Sydney is a city very much divided along class and ethnic lines. I am not sure how to explain to you how class works in Australia, because it seems to slip through a lot of the understandings used to explain class elsewhere, and also because I am from a middle class part of town. In some ways, Sydney’s like a group of bickering villages, really, with their ideas about the other, caricatures of uneducated, working class slobs and clueless private school snobs (as for the latter: accurate with disturbing frequency!). It’s such a large city that the more privileged groups get to stay in their enclaves without ever much mixing if they don’t want to or can’t. I mean large both in terms of population – there are about 4.5 million Sydneysiders – and spatially, with Sydney being very spread out and national parks and other sorts of greenery all round about.

As for ethnicity, there’s a sense that if you are one of those, you belong there. Muslims in Lakemba, Italians in Leichhardt, new immigrants who can’t speak English in Ashfield, and so forth. It’s a big city and there are all kinds of people from all kinds of groups all over. It says a lot about this city that there are such strong ideas, regardless, about who belongs where, and who is straying out of their space. And I just think about how that’s tied to the endless racism running through this country, and through this city, as per the 2005 Cronulla race riots (please be warned that, at the top of the Sydney Morning Herald article linked, there is an image of a person surrounded by a mob and being hit).

It’s a strange city in which to live, and a difficult one. Because, even while you’re struggling to pay the high rent, there’s still the question of how those class and ethnic groupings play into other living expenses. Which suburbs get the good groceries, and which are given the crummy ones? Where the cost of living is so high, how is space being used to dictate of whom gets taken more advantage?

For me, personally, the hardest time for living in this country is 26 January. Australia Day is the anniversary of the First Fleet’s arrival: the beginnings of the colony of New South Wales. Australia Day is known also as Invasion Day. It’s a day on which it’s popular to dress up in clothes with Australian flags on them, and to use Australian flags as capes. I am scared to go outside on 26 January because I know that racist feeling is running high (‘we grew here, you flew here’) and that people like me are not welcome. I see someone wearing Australian flags and I tense up until I can get away from them, because maybe they’re just patriotic, but that flag has come to symbolise a violent, racist hatred in many an Australian head. I remember the Cronulla riots, and I remember the acts of violence that occur all the time in this city, and I am scared.

I’ve lived in Sydney all my life, and I wonder about how different things must be elsewhere. How do you yourself experience the community in which you are living? Perhaps you live in Sydney, too, and experience it differently to how I do. I find myself a bit tense outside of this city: I love Melbourne to the south, and I have ties to Newcastle to the north, and I have enjoyed my time in many small towns, but I feel strangely secure here in this strange, alienating place, because it is what I’m used to.

It’s so much more complicated than I’ve laid it out here; these are my reflections, coming from a thoroughly middle class sort of person. I’d recommend Flat 7 by lovely blogger ana australiana to anyone who wants to learn more about cities, class, renewal and related issues.


14 thoughts on The Character of a City

  1. Thank you for posting on this topic, such an important topic with many different angles.

    If you are a Baby Boomer and bought a house, say in 1985, you are sitting pretty. But if you graduated in the past few years you entered a bleak job market with stagnating income, and house prices still 50% higher than 10 years ago. New York City and California and the DC suburbs (where I live) are totally unaffordable. My parents bought their house in 1992 for $250,000 which would be about $375,000 today. For me to buy in the same location today would be $550,000. So that’s a $175,000 hit to my lifetime (post-tax) earnings, solely due to house price inflation. Yet it’s never counted as inflation by the authorities. Of course, the banks will offer a “loan”, which given inflated property prices is looking more like a modern version of indentured servitude. No wonder more and more young people are choosing to live at home. In the US, between this, the deficit/Social Security, the pension crisis (which means new workers will not be getting the generous benefits their parents got; they will be paying for them), the rising cost of education (necessitating big student loan burdens) and the job market, young people are getting totally screwed. The cupboard is bare.

    Steven Keen is an excellent Australian watcher of the property bubble in Australia and the US.

  2. I’d agree with many of the things you say, particularly about Australia Day. What a hideous farce it has become. How sad that the lines between patriotism and nationalism have become so blurred that most ‘patriots’ (in the pure sense of the word) would rather do nothing than align themselves with brutality.

    I believe that it’s healthy to love and respect your place of origin and your place of residence. A sense of belonging to a community, and a sense of responsibility towards the healthy functioning of your community is the cornerstone of a healthy individual. As a person of many privileges, it can often be difficult to recognise those without discomfort. When you’re the one with the power, one of the clever ways to keep hold of it is to deny it’s existence, leaving many privileged Westerners (particularly those who struggle to to reject nationalism and brutality but maintain links to community) with an inability to identify their own culture, much less articulate what they like about it and don’t like about it. I note that you, like many others easily snigger at the truth behind some of the negative North Shore stereotypes, but would struggle to recognise the truth behind some of the negative South Western stereotypes. It just seems positively UNGRACIOUS, doesn’t it old chap.*

    I, like you, struggle with Australia day as I often don’t have the words available to me to delineate between ‘graciousness’ and ‘pride’, particularly as when I face the fact that I didn’t earn being spawned into (relative to most of the world) rich, white, healthy, optimistic western privilege. I am however very gracious for the opportunities provided for me in a country like Australia and I have fond memories of my childhood and an affection for those who continue to make positive progress here. I’m very aware of the flaws in Australian culture and feel that rather than waste time flattering our own egos by being ‘proud’ of the achievements of the collective, we’d be far more productive if we were to focus on how we can build and improve. Perhaps that can be the next Aus day slogan ‘sort out what’s not great’.

    *Please don’t take this as a criticism as it’s not (I’m not from the NS, nor would I ever be mistaken for somebody to whom the NS stereotypes apply so that comment isn’t defensive, it’s an observation)

  3. BeigeShirt, the reason I said that about that stereotype and not the working class one is because I am from one of those middle class areas and feel I can speak to that in a way I can’t to the stereotypes of those from areas characterised as working class.

    Great comments, you two!!

  4. Great article! Hope you don’t mind me going on from the Australia Day concerns, especially in light of the Cronnulla riots and the increasing visual symbols of patriotism exhibited every year.

    I’m also not looking forward to Australia Day, and even think this may be the first time I attend an Invasion Day march instead. I think that a day to celebrate a nation’s sense of self (and I mean that in a non-colloquial way) should not be the same date which heralds the dislocation, loss of language and genocidal treatment of that nation’s original inhabitants.

    It’s my view, as a white Australian-born and working-class citizen, that white people have an extraordinarily limited sense of history and timespan. Two hundred years is enough for us to act and talk as if we’d been here for aeons. The more superficial of us drive around in cars with bumper stickers that say, “Go back- we’re full”, or something along the lines that unless you act like an Aussie (some unexplained general attribute or characteristic) then you should go back ‘home’.

    Then again, maybe it’s because I’m from Queensland, the redneck north of Oz lol.

    But my point is that we whites were the original refugees and dispossessors of Indigenous peoples, and their ways, and culture and nationhood. We’ve just forgotten that improtant fact. And hence Australia Day resonates with the unspoken truth of the reality of dispossession and its effects.

  5. I have… So many thoughts about the Sydney market. My own experience with it has been marked with roaches, high prices and relatives who do not know that you can’t rent share for a hundred a week across the bridge. I’ve had underwear stolen. Been threatened with eviction for not realising that the guy I was renting from could hear me if I cooked at 9.30. I found a guy masturbating out the front of my roomates room at 2am (who had been there earlier and she didn’t tell me) who started to follow after me once I saw him. I actually did manage to buy a place… because my single-parent gran died and a few years later my single-parent mum did as well (she worked two jobs and/or late nights the entire time we were in Sydney and the only reason we could afford our mortgage was that she had a degree that opened up better paying jobs, if she hadn’t had that privilege we would’ve crashed and burned). I hate it.

    Renting or buying in Sydney is a mess and I know I have had the easiest time of it of anyone I know, save the people who still live with their folks (which is just the people I know who live with their folks, I have other friends who live out of home and help support their parents at the same time).

    As for Australia day, I won’t be celebrating it. I think of it as Invasion day and not something I want to be proud of. I don’t mind people getting into a little flag waving, I sometimes wonder if we learned that from the US. Australians do not seem to have as strong a connection to the flag as a representation of our identity. Save for the 26th.

    I find it troubling that Australia is so… adept at segregation (is that fair?) I grew up in Sydney’s bible belt (the current home of Hillsong) and what I noticed the most was a sort of quietly shuttered view of the world, where technically it was ok to not be christian or white or straight or unmarried or ‘other’ anything but people had a bit of difficulty with it. They didn’t want to be assholes but it isn’t the safest/best place to be if you don’t fit the required template. Strangely, if you could win acceptance (by being ‘other’ but a good sort of ‘other’), then you would find loyalty and protection (ymmv), even attempts to understand your perspective. It just doesn’t quite mesh.

    For the people that I know who will be celebrating Australia day, violence is the last thing on their minds. They just want to wave a flag and enjoy that life is good for them. In the white, christian world I grew up in, seeing other people (especially ones who are not white or christian) partake in this mode of expression would be something admirable. Of course, they are not everyone and I earned a space with them by being a good ‘other’. Most of them don’t know I’m gay but I did grow up with a single parent, who worked in academia and government positions, worked hard without rocking any boats. The ‘good’ single parent and the ‘good’ single parent’s daughter. I know how intimidating it is when you don’t have their protection. I behaved to get it but I don’t have it outside of where I grew up.

    I do believe that a lot of people are entirely benevolent when using the flag the way they do on Australia day. I think that a lot of those people don’t want anyone to feel left out, whether they are anglo/white or not. I know that not everyone feels that way and you can’t tell who is who. I also know that Australia day is problematic and potentially violent every year and so is our flag. All those good intentions do not solve the underlying problems. I just don’t know how to shift that perspective. Even a woman I greatly admire once shot me down for criticising the day on the grounds that they’ll never change it.

    Other countries seem to use their flags in different ways. I wish that we could have a flag and culture that actually unites us, rather than driving a wedge as it does now.

    (Since meandering comment is meandering, this is something that happened when I was in highschool: My mum was picking me up from a bowling alley and started chatting with a friend’s mum. Mrs B spent ten minutes complaining about single parents and how they leech off the government, despite repeated hints that maybe they should change topic. Mrs B asked what my mother did, which was working as an academic, then asked what my mother’s husband did. Mum told her she didn’t have one.
    There was much redness but thereafter we certainly had ‘good single parent’ status in that community)

  6. I love Sydney and I love living here — which is not to say that I deny any of the flaws you point out here. Certainly though, I find Sydney a lot more diverse and accepting of diversity than other places that I have lived. Naturally, of course, my ability to enjoy the good things that Sydney offers is augmented by my privilege as a white Australian.

    I do not like Australia Day one bit. If we DO have a public holiday on January 26th, then it should be a day of mourning and rememberance–to frame that day as a celebration is an insult to all the peoples from whom this land was stolen. If we must have a day to celebrate Australia as a nation, it should not be that one.

  7. I live in Canberra and find it a very nice place to live. I hate visiting Sydney because I find it very unfriendly, cold and dirty. I usually only visit the CBD, although I have a cousin in Lane Cove. I find Melbourne to be a much nicer city to visit. House prices and rents are very high here as well. I think that’s going to increasingly be a problem for government. It’s partly a supply issue, but I think the bigger problem is the changes made by Costello to make investing so attractive.

    My only celebration of Australia Day this year will be to make a lamb roast for my family. I have been concerned with the increase in flag waving even here in Canberra over the last few years. The new ugly thing seems to be to attach 2 or 4 flags to the roof of your car. 5 years ago something that tacky was very rare in Canberra, but this year it isn’t uncommon to pass several cars thus equipped. It does concern me too, although I’m yet to see anyone wearing the flag as a cape. I think it is a result of Howardism, and this Labor Government has been so poor on reversing the attitudes Howard cultivated. I have family who works in the Immigration Department and they’re all pretty appalled with how the immigration debate has been reduced to ‘Stop the boats!’

  8. Just a little correction, though: It’s a list of the most expensive cities relative to income “in the English-speaking world.” It’s funny, because immediately after the headline saying “world’s most expensive,” the text clarifies the parameters, and then goes right back to saying, “In the world.”

  9. Lu: Just a little correction, though: It’s a list of the most expensive cities relative to income “in the English-speaking world.” It’s funny, because immediately after the headline saying “world’s most expensive,” the text clarifies the parameters, and then goes right back to saying, “In the world.”  (Quote this comment?)

    Right, Lu. In Beijing, the average house is 22 times income, compared to 9.6 in Sydney.

  10. How embarrassing. I guess that’s what happens when you go and find something to fit your parameters rather than paying proper attention to what it actually is…! Also apparently I need to learn to read the bits in bold at the top of articles. Will edit.

  11. Thanks for the subject Chally.

    I am another person who is getting worried about the aggressive undertones associated with Australia Day. I’m 22 and during the past five years or so, it has transformed from a relaxed bbq family day to an excuse for drunken nationalism (eg whiteism).

    I want the old Australia day back – the one where we were too laid back to even properly summon the energy to be up ourselves.

    I think part of this has to do with a wider global movement of white westerners worrying about the ‘brown hordes’ taking over and trying to reaffirm their identity – but it is also indicative of large Australian social problems.

  12. I think Australia Day has been unsafe for longer than the last five years, gold. I think it got particularly ugly after September 11, but I doubt it was ever that welcoming for Aboriginal and other non-white groups, or for openly LGBT people (hearing stories of lesbian couples being harassed in Perth, and I doubt any visibly trans woman would be safe, surrounded by drunk cis dudes). I tend to think of Australia Day as a form of heightened identity policing, where the ubiquitous violence at fireworks and on public transport police the boundaries of who is acceptable in our nation.

    So I feel the same fear that Chally does of people wearing Australian flags; there’s a very definite link between that and violence – the “kiss this” phenomena (ie kiss the Australian flag or I’ll punch you) and other forms of prescriptive nationalism (eg some acquaintances of mine have been harassed for refusing to sing Waltzing Matilda on demand).

    Ugly day in all possible ways.

  13. The Demographia survey includes only freestanding houses when determining median house prices for Australia (since this is what is provided in our ABS data). For other countries, Demographia are including units and townhouses in the median house price. This overstates house prices in Australia compared to other countries.

    Demographia use incomes estimated from state level data for the city incomes in Australia and Canada. For other countries, Demographia are using the correct city income data. This understates incomes in Australia compared to the other countries.

    The combination of overstating house prices and understating incomes for Australia makes Australia appear less affordable relative to the other countries where correct house prices and income values are used.

    I have addressed some further concerns with the Demographia survey in the blog below…

    Debunking Demographia
    http://s4.zetaboards.com/Australian_Property/blog/entry/3174279/8081/

    Demographia Debunked

    I have asked the Demographia authors to join the discussion on that blog, in order to address the concerns raised, and I am waiting for their response.

  14. I enjoyed reading this blog. It amazes me how similar socites are world wide. I am from the United States, and as most know, racism, and classism are still problem here as well. However, when we are taught about it, or notice it on our own, it is insinuated that this issue is only prominent in the United States. After reading this blog it had opened my eyes to the fact that this issue occurs world wide, and it raises my concerns on the subject. Thanks for sharing.

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