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Sibling Violence

Interesting article today in the Times about sibling-on-sibling violence. It’s seen as a normal part of growing up, and dismissed as “boys will be boys” or a phase, but sibling relationships — particularly among closely-spaced brothers in large families — are the most violent, on a blow-per-blow basis, of all domestic relationships.

In a study published last year in the journal Child Maltreatment, a group of sociologists found that 35 percent of children had been “hit or attacked” by a sibling in the previous year. The study was based on phone interviews with a representative national sample of 2,030 children or those who take care of them.

Although some of the attacks may have been fleeting and harmless, more than a third were troubling on their face.

According to a preliminary analysis of unpublished data from the study, 14 percent of the children were repeatedly attacked by a sibling; 4.55 percent were hit hard enough to sustain injuries like bruises, cuts, chipped teeth and an occasional broken bone; and 2 percent were hit by brothers or sisters wielding rocks, toys, broom handles, shovels and even knives.

Children ages 2 to 9 who were repeatedly attacked were twice as likely as others their age to show severe symptoms of trauma, anxiety and depression, like sleeplessness, crying spells, thoughts of suicide and fears of the dark, further unpublished data from the same study suggest.

“There are very serious forms of, and reactions to, sibling victimization,” said David Finkelhor, a sociologist at the Family Research Laboratory at the University of New Hampshire, the study’s lead author, who suggests it is often minimized.

“If I were to hit my wife, no one would have trouble seeing that as an assault or a criminal act,” Dr. Finkelhor said. “When a child does the same thing to a sibling, the exact same act will be construed as a squabble, a fight or an altercation.”

Reading this piece, I started to realize how much I had internalized this idea that sibling violence is not really violence. I come from a large Irish family, with six kids (four boys, two girls) within 8 years. I never considered myself to have been physically abused; that was something your parents did to you. But while I never really took serious beatings from any of my siblings, there was plenty of sibling-on-sibling violence. It’s what we’re supposed to do, after all, being a large Irish family.

For instance, my sister and I got into some knock-down drag-outs with biting, scratching and hair-pulling (the one time we tried to punch each other, we wound up driving our fists together, which hurt like hell). When my younger twin brothers got stronger and bigger than me, they started to pin me down and use physical force in our disputes. The youngest worked out his jealousy issues with me for a couple of years by throwing things at me every time he saw me — one time, he hit me square in the back with a huge candle — and by hitting me with various things, including a snow brush to the mouth that chipped a tooth. I also gave him a nosebleed once when he was annoying me by grabbing my leg while I was trying to walk by — though, true to my socialization, I got panicky when I saw the blood and fled the scene. I’ve thrown plenty of stuff in my time (I even badly bruised my elbow when I was trying to throw something and chase someone at the same time, and ran into a wall).

The boys in my family, being so close in age, definitely had a more violent relationship with each other than they did with my sister and I or than the girls had with each other. The oldest set himself up as the family enforcer, and we used to call him “the Disciplinarian.” The twins were at each other from infancy — my mother had to put them in separate playpens because they would bite and scratch each other, and even after they were separated, they tried to grab each other through the bars. The twins beat the youngest on a regular basis.

And this shit didn’t stop in adulthood, at least among the boys (they left the girls alone after a while, and my sister and I haven’t fought physically in 20-odd years). When my oldest brother got married 10 years ago in Washington State, we all repaired to our hotel rooms after what was probably the most boring reception ever, congratulating ourselves on how much less dysfunctional we were than the bride’s family. But within minutes, the twins were in a fight, and the one who started it got mad that he lost it and called the cops. When the cops came, they found out that the complainant was also the instigator, so they *both* got arrested, under Washington’s zero-tolerance domestic violence policy.

And the rest of us stood around and thought, domestic violence? It was just a fight! Then we tried to figure out who was going to bail them out the next day, since most of us had flights to catch, and how we were going to keep our aunts, who had rooms on the other side of the hotel, from finding out about our little White Trash Theater episode.

And even three years ago, when our mother was dying, the oldest, at age 37 and a lieutenant colonel in the Air Force, was doing his Disciplinarian thing, beating up one of the twins in his own house for smoking pot. I got on him for that, yelling at him that he couldn’t do that anymore, that he certainly would get court-martialed if he tried to discipline one of his airmen like that — and smacking him in the head while asking how he liked that. (And then he really freaked me out by taking me outside to discuss further and breaking into tears.)

God, writing that made me realize that the both of us were excusing our violent acts as just a family thing — but the kind of family thing neither of us would tolerate from a spouse or parent, and certainly nothing we would do to a spouse or to a child or to a stranger. And I also realized that everyone else at the table — mostly our siblings, but some spouses — excused it as well (except for it being done in public).

There’s a reason, in other words, that I sometimes joke that I was raised by wolves.


35 thoughts on Sibling Violence

  1. That’s funny. I really hadn’t thought of siblings fighting as even violence before, just sibling rivalry. I had a friend back in high school who broke his wrist protecting his face when his brother hit him with a frying pan. Even that was considered normal, if a bit on the extreme end.
    Interesting.

  2. I can remember hearing about a fight between twin sisters, friends of the family, in which one went after the other with a knife, and thinking that that was violent. But never thinking about the stuff my own family did that way.

  3. I have one sister and there was no physical violence allowed between us. I can only remember 5-6 times that we ever hit each other. We weren’t even allowed to call each other names – if I accidentally said “oh you are so stupid” that mean a big lecture from my mother and end result was to hug, kiss and tell my sister how much I loved her. I did have a lot of cousins – I joke about Latino girls being treated liked princesses by their fathers – there’s NO way a male cousin would have dared lay a finger on me. I’m not talking about violence – just general horseplay – there was a strong “don’t touch” rule. Verbal teasing was the limit. On the other hand when I went to public school my dad’s advice was “if a boy grabs you, pick up the heaviest thing you can lift and hit him with it. And then ell the school to call me.”

  4. It’s funny.. I’ve had some friends who’s parents actively encouraged them to fight. It “toughed” them up.

    Although, my one friend says his worst punishment was when he hit his sister, his dad caught him and made him sit in the living room, hugging his sister and telling her he loved her.

  5. I realized this when my black sheep brother returned to the fold. I started planning how I would hurt him and realized that my siblings were the only person on Earth Ive ever considered hitting.

    “White Trash Theatre” HAHA! Be of good cheer fellow actor, Id much rather be a part of that troop than the waspy troop which considers talking about feelings akin to cannabalism.

    The study seemed kind of muddy to me, though. Do kids suffer the serious effects from mutal violence or from being repeatedly victimized by a sibling? Not that either is okay, but in order to change it (as a parent) it would be helpful to understand it.

  6. The article doesn’t mention sexual assault as a form of violence. How about those of us who had to constantly fend off their brothers?

  7. zuzu – great post (one that I can really relate to with 3 older, irish brothers), but I feel obligated to through out a response to “white trash theater.” Classism aside, the term “white trash” is deeply racist – and really doesn’t have any meaning without the implied racist jab. Basically saying your family was behaving as badly as if they were black.

    Feministe isn’t quite Gone With The Wind, so I’m sure this argument isn’t a surprise – just felt it had to be said.

  8. My older brother and I (one year apart) fought on a regular basis, and both of us beat the shit out of our younger brothers (3 and 6 years younger than me) on a regular basis. It was just expected. Usually it would start out as horseplay and turn into a really violent confrontation, until one of the siblings that wasn’t involved in the fight ended it. I’ve been whipped with a choke-chain and had knives brandished at me, I’ve sprayed my brother in the eye with bathroom cleaner (fortunately no harm was done). I regret a lot of it now, but like you said, it’s usually seen as “boys will be boys”, and with four of us living in close quarters, confrontation was unavoidable. The frequency of the fights has gone down, but the intensity is the same, possibly higher. Interestingly enough, as we drifted apart personality and interest wise and stopped hanging out with one another in friendly situations, we actually fought less.

  9. We weren’t even allowed to call each other names – if I accidentally said “oh you are so stupid” that mean a big lecture from my mother and end result was to hug, kiss and tell my sister how much I loved her.

    This was my family, too. Or rather my mom’s way of dealing with things. I only have 1 sister but also inherited my mom’s nasty temper. Whenever we’d get mad at each other, my mom would make us sit on her bed, facing each other, and say 1 bad thing and 1 good thing….then we did the I Love You’s, hugged and got to leave.

    Of course, none of this stopped my mom from using my head as a battering ram for a while, which I in turn did to my sister. It didn’t last long but that stuff stays with you forever.

  10. I was an only child but I had a girl cousin who loved to pick on me (about 3″ taller). I was raised by one of those “You don’t hit girls, ever, ever, ever” papas.

    She had me in a corner torturing me unmercifully and finally, like a cornered rat, I popped her a good one…right on the chin. Down she went.

    Unfortunately, papa picked that particular moment to walk in the room….

    The aftermath…was (for me)…ummm…memorable.

  11. My kids used to quarrel a lot, and occasionally get a little physical, and we all (including them) called it “fighting” and thought we ought to worry about it. Then we read a Victorian-era story called “A Very Ill-Tempered Family” bout a family kind of like zuzu’s, and we quit worrying.

  12. Siblings fight and even kill each other in many species. In some species the parents encourage it.

  13. It didn’t last long but that stuff stays with you forever

    So true. My brother and I had constant warfare for a few years there which resulted in lots of broken posessions and furniture, injuries, and misery. I broke his nose, he broke my wrist. At the time my family referred to it as an innocent sibling rivalry and did nothing to dissuade us. It doesn’t seem so innocent now.

    Even though we get along fine as adults and noone has mentioned it for a long time, I still have mixed feelings about this, mostly towards my parents. I can see now that we were acting out on a lot of things that we couldn’t directly confront our parents about. They were both moderately unstable emotionally and we kids took out a lot of tension and anxiety on each other. We also were subtlely encouraged by my parents to compete with each other for their affection, and when that erupted into violence they didn’t know how to deal with it and so did nothing.

    I think it is domestic violence, and it is troubling.

  14. My brother and I would struggle, but within some loosely defined boundries. It was usually wrestling or “dueling” with soccer socks– throwing a punch would have been going too far.

    It’s strange how “this level of struggle is generally OK” came about… not that our parents ever agreed with even the wrestling.

  15. Jebus!

    I don’t mean to get all judgemental but your family sounds crazy to me. I have an older brother and we never fought. I mean ever. He had all kinds of cruel games to play which were bad enough but we never even came close to physically fighting.

    Example of a cruel game:
    Marlin Perkins (remember the old wildlife show put on by Mutual of Omaha? Marlin Perkins was the old guy host). This game consisted of my brother getting a toy gun that fired blunt plastic darts fairly hard. He’d then chase me around the house and if he hit me with the “tranquilizer” dart he’d hold me down and put tape on my ear (to tag me and then track my migratory habits just like in the wildlife show).

    Cruel, sort of funny in retrospect, but not violent.

  16. I don’t mean to get all judgemental but your family sounds crazy to me. I have an older brother and we never fought. I mean ever. He had all kinds of cruel games to play which were bad enough but we never even came close to physically fighting.

    Now, see, I think *your* family’s the weird one.

    It’s all what you’re used to, I guess. My evil ex-roommate and her brother used to trap their sister in a wicker laundry basket, poke her with sticks and tell her they were playing “Hanoi Hilton.” I thought that was pretty awful, but here I am smacking my brother in a pub.

  17. I have 5 stepkids, 4 boys and 1 girl in the middle, and if I hope to teach them anything it’s that you can’t solve your problems by beating each other. I actually had to convince my husband that their brotherly fist-fights were not amusing, but punishable.

    As for the girl, she is less violent, but more cunning and subtle in her malice. She scares me.

    Part of the reason it all bothers me so much is they live what they learn. Their mother is a spearchucker and she and I don’t exactly get along. I hate to see them emulate her worst habits, and a violent temper is just one of them.

  18. So I am studying to be a marriage and family therapist. In my “ethics” class (a.k.a How to Cover Your Ass) we discussed this issue quite a bit. If a parent is abusive to a child, you have to report it. If a sibling is abusive? Uhh, no mandatory reporting laws there, at least in New Hampshire. Our instructor was of the opinion that you had an ethical obligation to report PARENTS who allowed siblings to be violent towards one another…and then that gets into who much a parent should take responsibility for their childrens actions. What an interesting topic…

    And my own family, the three of us girls never hit or were violent. We are masters of covert, passive aggressive meanness though!

    Ahh…Washington state. I miss home!

  19. I’m fourth of nine, first boy. They boys are all spaced 4 or more years apart, so there was not too much violence. For a few years, I was picked on by an older sister, but I wasn’t supposed to hit anyone, but REALY not supposed to hit a girl. One day she hit me, which infuriated me and I punched her a few times anyway. She stopped picking on me. I picked on my little brother for a few years until I got him so mad he hurt me back. That was enough to make me realize I was in the wrong, though to this day relations are minimal between us. The older sister & I get along fine, so it is probably more about our different personalities. The girls had a few fist fights of their own, but mainly fought verbally.

  20. Wow. I haven’t thought about all this in a long time.

    I’m interested in what you guys think about the limits of parental responsibility in these cases.

    My older brother (only 21 months older, only 1 grade ahead of me) and I fought visciously, daily, until he left for college. I remember showing my teacher bruises on my legs where he hit me with a broom when I was 13. I was desperate for someone to intervene, but no one ever did. I remember chasing him around the backyard with an axe because I decided that killing him was the only way to make it stop. He was able to “talk me down,” fortunately.

    My mother “tried” to get my brother to stop, but she was always worried that it would just “make him worse” the next time we were home alone, or else she would tell me that I “probably provoked him.” My father was a pretty brutal dictator who wasn’t around much. He did beat the crap out of my brother for beating the crap out of me, but that, strangely, didn’t seem to stop the behavior.

    After we were both in college, we had a couple of fights when we were home for holidays, until I told him finally that I would call the police–there was no reason I had to accept his abuse any longer.

    Now we are cordial. We have nothing in common, really, and we have no interest in having a close relationship. Neither he nor my father even seem to remember how bad things were, and I don’t see a need to discuss it anymore.

    As for the effects of all this on me, I recently described myself as an incredibly hostile, violent little girl. I used to beat up on the guys in my class all the time–close friends, really big guys, guys who wouldn’t hit me back. And of course I found myself some abusive relationships along the way. Interestingly, even after I was in college, if I had too much to drink, I would often find a really big guy and start beating the crap out of his biceps. Lots of latent hostility in there for a long, long time.

    A little therapy and a little distance got me started getting over it all, and an incredibly kind and gentle husband was able to help me get through the rest.

    Anyway, obviously this kind of abuse can be as destructive as any other form of domestic violence. Why do we tend to look the other way?

  21. My sisters were so much older than me that violence wasn’t a problem. What did make a difference is the kind of sisters who, while making honors in college, would tell their 6 year old sibling to spit on her salad and steal a potato from a salad bar and then slyly inform her parents.

  22. I am a girl…my older brother constantly hit and tortured me growing up. He grew up to be a wife and child beater. Sometimes it isn’t normal or even remotely so.

  23. the kind of sisters who, while making honors in college, would tell their 6 year old sibling to spit on her salad

    You weren’t a terribly bright child, I assume.

    My parents wouldn’t let me hit my (18 months younger) sister because hitting girls is inappropriate. Being a little sister, she commenced to smacking me in the knowledge that I could not reciprocate. Being bright, I told my parents that this wasn’t fair, and that she was hitting me and there wasn’t anything I could do about it. Being reasonable but short-sighted, they agreed, and ruled that I could hit her back if she started a physical confrontation.

    Being evil, I started using my considerably superior verbal intelligence to provoke her into throwing the first smack, then used my considerably superior physical prowess to beat the crap out of her.

    I WAS a terribly bright child. Watch out for the terribly bright ones; they tend to be good at converting evil into pain.

    (It’s cool now. We’ve forgiven each other for our mutual evils, and get along.)

  24. Well, my sister wasn’t good at articulating the situation. She’d go crying to them, “Robert beat me up”, and they’d ask who started the hitting, she’d cop to it, and then they didn’t want to hear more about it. It never occurred to her that if she explained that I had been ragging her for an hour beforehand, the outcome might be a little less in my favor.

    I was not a good person as a child, but everyone thought I was. Makes me suspicious of my daughter, who’s an angel. 😛

  25. and then they didn’t want to hear more about it

    Like I said: not terribly bright. I don’t think I’m the sharpest tool in the shed, but even I can figure that if one of the kids hauled off and hit the other, it probably wasn’t random. (That doesn’t excuse it, obviously, but the “goad somebody into hitting” seems kinda obvious.)

  26. That doesn’t excuse it, obviously, but the “goad somebody into hitting” seems kinda obvious.

    Well, remember, they thought I was GOOD.

    (Hmm, that does seem to add credibility to the “durrrr” hypothesis.)

  27. Sibling versus sibling violence I’ve heard of before; it’s not new to me. But what’s up with this new fangled “choking game?” Kids are actually depriving themselves of oxygen by jamming their thumbs down their throat and choking themselves.

    Kind of scary that they classifiy it as a “game.” Apparently, it’s resulted in several deaths. Kids do a lot of stupid shit–it’s part of growing up, I guess. But beating their own ass? Choking themselves? Damn. I guess the ole X-Box just doesn’t do the trick anymore…

  28. Other Liberal – I see it as a complete failure on the part of the parents. My mom believed that turning the other cheek and loving someone in the face of their bad behavior was the proper response. My brother had serious, serious problems that she refused to face. As a child, I didnt feel empowered in any way to stop his violence from impacting me so I returned it – or in some cases, anticipated and struck first.
    And even as a child I understood the diiference between hitting my brother and hitting someone else – there were other avenues of “justice” that I could persue if someone who wasnt in my family hurt me. So essentially, it was my parents who taught me that, inter-family, violence was the only answer.

  29. Sibling versus sibling violence I’ve heard of before; it’s not new to me. But what’s up with this new fangled “choking game?” Kids are actually depriving themselves of oxygen by jamming their thumbs down their throat and choking themselves.

    Kind of scary that they classifiy it as a “game.” Apparently, it’s resulted in several deaths. Kids do a lot of stupid shit–it’s part of growing up, I guess. But beating their own ass? Choking themselves? Damn. I guess the ole X-Box just doesn’t do the trick anymore…

    Dude, autoerotic asphyxiation’s been around forever. Oprah did shows on it way back in the 80s.

  30. I’ve never heard of it up until now, Zuzu.

    See what I get for divorcing myself from mainstream?

  31. I know a kid who used to do that at get-togethers. They called it the “pass out game” and laughed hysterically when I told him it was on Oprah.

    I just think it’s fucked up.

  32. My sister and I were fought a lot while growing up though she did mostly verbal goading; then acted all suprised when I clocked her.My mom figured out what was going on and we both got in trouble. Which I find appropriate.
    I now have 4 1/2 yr old b/g twins, and it is trick to stay on top of all the issues. They used to be pretty physical with each other (pre-verbal), but now its a combination of physical and verbal. I am pretty no-tolerance on this stuff. I won’t tolerate name-calling and what we refer to as “ugly talk”. Physical violence is out. It helps that we go to a Montessori, which reinforces all of this.
    I think that its hugely important to stop the ugly behaivior/talk early. I know that we will have times that they try things out as they grow older, but this will be their foundation.
    My feeling is that I am raising them to be adults, not children. How they process, and what they understand requires that I adjust over time to communicate well with them. At the end of it I hope to grow healthy adults.

  33. But what’s up with this new fangled “choking game?” Kids are actually depriving themselves of oxygen by jamming their thumbs down their throat and choking themselves.

    We did this when we were kids.

    Back on topic, I grew up in a small town, where it was pretty normal for the oldest child to get stuck babysitting at age 11-12, and I was the oldest, with two younger brothers, both two years younger than me (twins). To start with, these two had been fighting badly since they were babies, and when my parents eventually divorced, they ended up living in seperate houses and rarely speaking.

    When I was babysitting, one of them would just go nuts. He’d chase me around the house with knives, he’d take phones off the hook so I couldn’t call out, he’d break things, he’d guard the doors so I couldn’t leave. I’d tell my parents and they would never believe me. They still don’t, even though I pointed out gouge holes in the walls where he’d missed when trying to stab me. On the rare occassion they’d believe me over something smaller (punching/biting/kicking/scratching), they told me to grow up and that they couldn’t fight my battles.

    He’s turned out pretty messed up. He’s bright, goes to uni in a very competitive program and all that, but he’s a control freak of a psychological wreck.

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