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Soccer, Sports and Sexism

This is a guest post by Anna Lekas Miller. Anna Lekas Miller is a freelance writer and rabid feminist based in New York City. Her work has appeared at GlobalComment, The Nation, Gender Across Borders, and the Electronic Intifada as well as many a 140 character rant that can be followed @agoodcuppa.

Last summer, every bar was crammed to the rafters as sports fans and non-sports fans alike eagerly gathered to watch the World Cup. Some were there to comment on the athletic grace of the players, while others were supporting their country or a specific team. Still others simply wanted to have a beer and reflect their geopolitics onto an exhilarating worldwide event.

Many of us got in long talks about politics lasting long after the games had ended.

Extra long soccer lunch breaks were completely legitimate, as was keeping ESPN.com open at all times to keep an eye on the games. The first thirty minutes of work were an unspoken, yet dutifully observed sanctioned time for discussing, commiserating upon, or celebrating the results of the latest match. Facebook newsfeeds were hijacked by soccer talk –scores, support, admiration, and anxiety that inevitably transitioned from a casual conversation about sports to a more heated and lengthy discussion on national pride, politics, culture, or history.

As more and more teams were eliminated, geopolitical opinions began dictating new team loyalties. Even those of us (like myself) who never saw the point of sports could find the beauty in a platform where Ghana could beat the United States or the Netherlands could be defeated on South African soil.

It is as impossible to avoid the suspense and excitement of the World Cup. It is equally impossible to discuss the games solely sports when they are such an explicit symbol of nationalism and internationalism. Yet until recently I had no idea that the Women’s World Cup even existed – much less that it is happening right now.

Why is this not the same addicting pan geo-political world event as last summer? It is the same sport, the same competition, the same suspenseful process of elimination. It is the same fodder for adrenalin-filled heated political debates, the same excuse to have another beer and exchange a few more opinions. Only one factor is changed: this time, the players are women.

Why should this matter?

It is certainly not a question of the female players’ skill. In many instances, the respective women’s soccer team is much more highly ranked than men’s team. Such is the case with both England and the United States. Logically, this would lend itself to consoling England over last year’s painful loss to Germany or the United States’ crushing defeat by Ghana. However, these opportunities for nationalism are dismissed as women’s sports are marginalized to the point of non-existence in the shadow of “real” (read: men’s) sports.

Sports and mainstream media are traditionally pathetic at covering women’s athletics. Recent reports say that a grand total of 1.6 percent of local airtime is allocated to female athletes on local TV channels and ESPN’s SportsCenter. As far as the Women’s World Cup is concerned, it is mentioned at the very bottom of the New York Times and BBC Sports pages –of course, mundane coverage of men’s soccer takes a more prominent place on both websites. Searching “soccer” on Google News yields an entire page of soccer-related events before finally noting the Women’s World Cup on the second page. Apparently “Local couple weds on an indoor soccer field” is more newsworthy than the Quarter Finals.

In the words of one of the more explicit comments on one of the few articles on female athletics, “I don’t want to see buff women running around playing sports. I would much rather watch a pretty woman cooking dinner.”

This seems like a common consensus, as one of the only times women’s soccer has occupied a memorable moment in sports history was when American player Brandi Chastain whipped off her shirt after scoring the winning goal in the 1999 World Cup against China. Hardly anyone analyzed the rich political implications of defeating China or competing against world super powers. However, there was a rich analysis of Chastain’s sports bra to this day that is referenced as the “sports bra moment.”

Finally one of those grotesquely buff, fit female athletes showed the world what it needed to see from a woman: sex appeal. All the times that female players display strength, grace, or skill are inconsequential –however, once a woman whips her shirt off, sports journalists suddenly find it extremely relevant.

Male athletes are not excluded from this objectification –it simply works in their favor. While female athletes are dismissed, male athletes are glorified and celebrated, not necessarily because of their skill, but because athleticism and strength exemplify society’s ideal man. “Athlete” and “male” are assumed to be one in the same –whether it is that the athlete in question is male or the man in question must play or at least be interested in sports in order to fulfill some obligation of his manhood. The ideas of strength, competition, power, and aggressiveness are institutionalized to describe both men and athleticism.

Women are not supposed to fit these descriptions, making “woman” and “athlete” a clashing, unpleasant combination.

As a result, women’s sports are not shown on television. Women’s sports are not discussed in the media, on the streets, at the office, or in bars. Women’s sports are ignored, and female athletes are seen as inconsequential in relation to national pride and patriotism –even though they play no differently than their male counterparts.

In the end, this is not a story about soccer or sports. It is not a story about media coverage or television ratings or even the blatant sexism contained within the sports industry. It is a story about geopolitics, patriotism, nationalism, pride, and joy –and how rigid, gendered expectations systematically exclude women from being a part of this dialogue.


49 thoughts on Soccer, Sports and Sexism

  1. I wonder if a generation or two raised on girls’ and boys’ soccer, basketball, etc. teams may change this a bit.

    One sport where women have a profile equal to men is tennis – it might be instructive to look at how and why that became the case.

    You can’t simply ‘make’ a sport popular – just showing extra hours of WNBA games or Women’s World Cup Games won’t create a fan base.

    The culture of sports needs to be changed at a basic level.

    One stumbling point may be records – things like fastest 100m, fastest serve, fastest pitch, most home runs, fastest Tour de France – which sports fans are often obsessed with and which will statistically probably end up being held and contested by men because of simple biology.

    There’s no reason, though, that a woman’s team couldn’t hold records in team sports like basketball or soccer, or in terms of Silverstone lap times or aces served, which are skill and not strength-dependent.

  2. I saw the Sweden/USA match yesterday. It was very exciting and the athletes were certainly very talented. Sunday is USA/Brazil. should be a great match up!!

  3. So, on the one hand, I think you’re 100% right in that sexism is playing a deep role in marginalizing women’s sports and female athletes. Female athletes are still not “typed” correctly according to prevailing cultural stereotypes; everyone now accepts that they exist, but there’s a lot of ridicule (see the constant slams on the WNBA), and perhaps some feelings of threat (if you can stomach a lot of misogyny, see the comments to this and this post on Fangraphs, a popular sabermetrically-inclined group blog, where a lot of dudes come out of the woodwork to rail against the idea of women trespassing in their boy’s club in any form or fashion).

    Still, and this is not directly in response to anything you said, and may in fact be uncontroversial (I don’t know): I think there’s nothing wrong with preferring to watch men’s sports over women’s sports because men’s sports are played at a higher level and are, for that reason, more entertaining. While aggregate characteristics can’t account for atypical individuals, it is of course true that men are physically faster and stronger than women, and that when it comes to major professional sports, men as a group are more proficient than women.

    From that comes a fallacy: first, the rigid belief that there is not and never could be a woman capable of competing on equal terms with men in any major sport. For some sports (football, basketball, maybe soccer) at certain levels (the highest professional level), this is almost certainly true, but for other sports and levels it’s less certain, and people rely on blanket generalizations to avoid having to think about the fact that gender differences may be smaller than we’d all like to believe.

    There’s also a weird attitude that women’s sports are some illegitimate just because they’re not played at the level of men’s sports, as if it’s an example of political correctness run amok, or a denial of fundamental physical differences between men and women. It seemingly never occurs to some people that 1) some women are genuinely exceptional athletes, enjoy playing sports, and should have the opportunity to compete at a high level even if they can’t compete with men directly, and 2) some fans may just enjoy women’s sports equally as well as, or more than, men’s sports.

    Sorry, that was all kinds of rambly, but I guess my only point is: yes, you’re absolutely right that sexism is holding women’s sports back unfairly; I don’t think it’s the case that women’s sports are played at as high a level as men’s sports, generally, but that doesn’t excuse the kind of poisonous hostility towards women’s sports you see in some quarters.

  4. Witness also the recent flap about grunting at Wimbledon, which seemed to focus entirely on the women and how unladylike it was for them to be making such indecorous noises.

  5. I completely respect where you are coming from.

    However, here’s a dose of optimism for you. When I’ve recently walk into my gym to work out, the Women’s World Cup is on television. I’ve heard and observed men talking about it and taking it seriously.

    Like you, I share your frustrations, but I think progress is being made. Now, if the USA can just beat Brazil on Sunday! *fingers crossed*

  6. “It is certainly not a question of the female players’ skill.” It most certainly is. You go on to explain the relative rankings of countries, which I find irrelevant. The fact of the matter is, women’s soccer is played at a lower level, much like MLS vs. Premier league or the MLB vs. Minor league teams. It simply does not have the same level of play.

    Attempting to interject a feminist viewpoint on the sport’s viewership is a reach. The fact that you didn’t know the Women’s World Cup existed speaks volumes about your knowledge and your dealings in the professional sports realm, along with many other women (read: non-viewers).

    Maybe men like to watch men play sports over women too. Its not an insult and I don’t see how it even poses a problem to society. This argument for across-the-board sports equality is unnecessary. Let the market decide the sports popularity.

    BTW I am a fan of the women’s world cup and it does get playtime on SportsCenter.

  7. Womens football was once very popular in the UK (started as factory teams during WWI), until the Football Association took against it and banned women from playing in any FA grounds. Link: http://www.dickkerrladies.com/page7.htm

    So it should be possible for it to become more popular (again)… in the UK I’ve heard more about this Women’s World Cup than any previous. According to my flatmate the women’s England cricket team are also currently world champions, again something that doesn’t get much publicity.

  8. Here is the problem….

    Although I agree that there is sexism in sports the facts are that in most sports, women can not compete at the same level as men (except some more extreme and less publicized sports: i.e. rock-climbing). Quite simply, the physical differences are to large and have a huge effect on the game. I play soccer on a frequent basis and enjoy playing on co-ed leagues. Although there are many women who are very skilled and physically capable, the 30th best male player in these leagues is still better than the 3rd best woman simply because of the physical differences.

    Second,

    Women’s sports do not get the following that men’s sports get because of ratings. I am sorry, but sports are business. Women’s sports just don’t have the following that men’s sports have. While it is true that if the sport isn’t on, no one will watch it, it is also true that if no one watches it, it will not be on. Attendance figures are rather low for professional women’s sports and that has a huge influence on what channel the games are shown, the amount of sponsorship dollars that are available, and the endorsement deals available to the athletes.

    In my opinion, if you want women’s sports to improve, it needs to starts with my female friends and their perspective daughters who feel they have better things to do than watch any sport.

  9. Women’s sports seem to be a special target of conservatives. I remember how, when the U.S. won the Women’s World Cup in 1999, some Fox News blondie sneered that “a team of high-school boys could beat them.” That was 11 years ago, and I still haven’t figured out what she thought that had to do with anything.

    (I don’t know much about soccer, but because I’m weird, for some reason I love watching goalkeepers make great saves. Hope Solo, the USA’s goalie, has some terrific highlight reels on YouTube. But unless you have a strong stomach, stay away from the one where she recounts slicing her forearm open on a goalpost hook during a save. Gruesome.)

  10. I think in the context of the article you’ve inadvertently hit the nail on the head in terms of the problem:

    “Some were there to comment on the athletic grace of the players, while others were supporting their country or a specific team. Still others simply wanted to have a beer and reflect their geopolitics onto an exhilarating worldwide event.

    Many of us got in long talks about politics lasting long after the games had ended.”

    Nowhere in this article do you acknowledge that these people were fans of the actual sport, and so were taking the opportunity to watch a tournament featuring the best players in the world competing against each other. A lot of non-fans were drawn in but that was largely due to the vast amount of hype and money expended on the tournament. Without the presence of superstars that’s not going to happen for a lower profile competition – it doesn’t even happen for the olympics.

    As some have already pointed out, the standard of the women’s game is far lower and that is to do with skill as much as power or speed. It’s not because women are naturally worse; there are less opportunities in youth football in most countries, and that’s what needs to be sorted out first along with ending youth segregation in teams.

    But as far as I’ve seen women in general have little to no inclination to watch these matches themselves and most men aren’t that keen on watching a lower standard of football. The recent under-21 Euro’s had little coverage here (in the UK) either, despite featuring many established premiership players.

  11. I expect the market for women’s sports to improve slowly but surely over time. Even back when Brandi Chastain ripped off her shirt, there was widespread, popular, genuine enthusiasm for the U.S. Soccer Team based on admiration for their level of play.

    Personally, I am much more interested in women’s sports than men’s. To me, a large part of sports appreciation is identifying with the players and imagining myself in their position. As a woman, it’s easier for me to do that with women players because they are physically more like me than the men. The still-widespread idea that professional women’s sports is a waste of time because women are not as large, or strong, or fast as men is misplaced.

  12. As my wife, who played soccer at a fairly competitive level until a knee injury ended her career, points out, men’s and women’s soccer are two different games. Women aren’t playing the identical sport at a lower level, they’re playing a similar sport in a different way. That’s easier for most Americans to see in basketball, for example, where the emphasis on passing and technique is so much greater in the women’s game — but the distinction is just as profound in women’s soccer, both in the international game and in the WPS.

    I watch a lot of soccer. I like watching the Premier League (I’m a Newcastle supporter based on my time working on a dissertation in the northeast). I like watching the WPS (Sky Blue FC). And I’m rooting for England in this tournament (love me some Kelly Smith, of course).

    As I said in another thread, FIFA needs to mandate that countries fund women’s soccer if they want their men’s team to compete in international events. No World Cup for the men if you don’t have a women’s team. Title IX for the globe. It’s already happening; my Colombian in-laws poo-pooed women’s soccer (even as my wife was excelling in high school and college), but now that Colombia made the world cup, they’ve started to change their tunes. We need to combine patience with a commitment to demand equal funding.

  13. While I agree with a lot of the messages contained in this column, I think that women should take a long hard look in the mirror in regards to the popularity of their game. As a fan, a long time girls coach and the father of a girl on a travel team, I can say that the demographic least interested in watching women’s soccer is, in fact, women. While my daughter and all her friends love playing soccer, they have no interest whatsoever in actually watching it. Conversely, my son and I watch womens soccer all the time. I’ve encouraged girl players to watch women’s soccer games and I’ve even volunteered to host parties to watch them. None of them care a whit. I do not know why this is. Is it the way girls are hardwired? The boys on the teams I coach show up to practice in the jerseys of their favorite teams, and they watch them religiously each week. I never see the girls wearing, for instance, a US Women’s National team jersey, or any jersey from the WPSL. I believe if women want their soccer to gain in popularity (as it full well deserves), they need to figure out how to get girls to care about it, not men. To that end, there should be a greater effort made to connect with those American women in powerful corporate positions and the like (most of whom probably played soccer) and create a unified front in advancing the popularity of the sport. As it stands, the games are being broadcast on major networks already, but most of the people watching are men. Check your local sports bar, if you don’t believe me.

  14. Ken, I don’t think it’s hard-wired. It’s a cultural and socialized thing. Watching is sports is still definitely coded in our culture as a guy activity. While individual families like yours may encourage daughters to join the fun, there is no communal girl culture of watching sports that is entrenched the way male-sports-watching-culture is.

    A lot of it has to do with the fact that most mothers grew up in an era when there really were no female sports to watch — except maybe women’s tennis and the Olympics. So girls aren’t sitting down with their mothers to watch sports, parents aren’t decorating their girl babies’ rooms with sports insignia, etc. etc. Cultural change, like a widespread sports fandom among women, doesn’t occur overnight.

    I am a little troubled by the notion that this is women’s “fault.” Yes, I believe in making an effort to support women’s athletics. But most of us grew up in an era when professional sports was Dude Central, complete with sexy cheerleaders waving pom-poms on the sidelines. I suppose we are still in that era actually. One wouldn’t expect women to suddenly change their habits en masse overnight to cultivate an interest in something which was presented in unappealing ways most of our lives or as something which wasn’t for us to really enjoy.

  15. Laurie:
    Ken, I don’t think it’s hard-wired.It’s a cultural and socialized thing. Watching is sports is still definitely coded in our culture as a guy activity.While individual families like yours may encourage daughters to join the fun, there is no communal girl culture of watching sports that is entrenched the way male-sports-watching-culture is.

    A lot of it has to do with the fact that most mothers grew up in an era when there really were no female sports to watch — except maybe women’s tennis and the Olympics.So girls aren’t sitting down with their mothers to watch sports, parents aren’t decorating their girl babies’ rooms with sports insignia, etc. etc. Cultural change, like a widespread sports fandom among women, doesn’t occur overnight.

    I am a little troubled by the notion that this is women’s “fault.”Yes, I believe in making an effort to support women’s athletics.But most of us grew up in an era when professional sports was Dude Central, complete with sexy cheerleaders waving pom-poms on the sidelines.I suppose we are still in that era actually.One wouldn’t expect women to suddenly change their habits en masse overnight to cultivate an interest in something which was presented in unappealing ways most of our lives or as something which wasn’t for us to really enjoy.

    I believe the problem is more that even women don’t follow women’s sports terribly strongly. The last time I watched the Super Bowl, March Madness and the World Cup, there were as many women as men with me.

    When the NCAA Women played for the title, I was watching in a bar with two other guys, because no one else cared. Ditto for most Women’s Grand Slam tennis titles.

    If women don’t care about professional women’s sports, who will?

  16. Personally, I can’t stand the rampant homophobia of the straight fans (or the coaches, or the players for that matter). It’s hard to enjoy recreational activities when everyone assumes you’re there to sexually molest them somehow with your evil gayness.

  17. This article would have been much better without the confession of the author’s own ignorance and the suggestion that men are to blame for it. It’s ridiculous that a woman would follow the men’s world cup as indicated in this article and then just find out about the women’s world cup. All she had to do was look. It’s not like they’re hiding it under someone’s bed or anything.

    There were some good points made about the reaction to women’s sports, but the fact that the author is pro-woman yet didn’t care about this women’s sport enough to find out about it existed really speaks to the origin of the problem. If you support women, you should support women’s sports. Sports is not some “dude” thing. It’s a people thing, and it’s very much fun to watch no matter who is playing. Often the women’s games are even more fun to watch than the men’s games.

  18. But DP, I think of a lot of that is also that things men do tend to become part of the popular culture at large, whereas things women do tend to be ghetto-ized as “women things.” It is natural that there will be a lot of women at the Super Bowl because (a) it is a huge part of American popular culture and (b) even when women might not be interested on their own, they become interested or go along with it because their men are interested. (In contrast, men are less expected to go along with things that are deemed women things, like movies coded as “chick flicks.”)

    That said, I am not sure I would read much into the lack of women watching Women’s Tennis in a Sports Bar. Women’s Tennis is extremely popular among women (at least among the women I know). It’s just that women don’t tend to watch it in sports bars.

    And don’t despair DP as to who will care about women’s sports. I do think the culture is changing, slowly but inexorably. Just consider the fact that three dudes in a sports bar were watching the NCAA Women’s Title. I bet that would have been considered totally weird 30 years ago.

  19. Um, the NCAA women’s title didn’t exist 30 years ago. It will be 30 years old this coming season. A lot of educating to do here…

  20. Lovelalola,

    I wasn’t speaking specifically with regard to the NCAA women’s title. I was speaking with regard to the fact that it would have been considered completely bizarre in 1981 for three guys in a sports bar to be sitting around watching women’s sports. We have made progress.

    The fact that the explosion of women’s sports is so recent is still shocking to me even though I have lived through it. I remember how shocked I was in 1984 that there hadn’t previously been a Women’s Marathon in the Olympics. Or how shocked I was that my college didn’t have women’s ice hockey in 1989. And on, and on. But you’re right. This shit is still really new! So it doesn’t really make sense to tsk-tsk women en masse for not getting with the program overnight.

  21. Laurie:
    But DP, I think of a lot of that is also that things men do tend to become part of the popular culture at large, whereas things women do tend to be ghetto-ized as “women things.”It is natural that there will be a lot of women at the Super Bowl because (a) it is a huge part of American popular culture and (b) even when women might not be interested on their own, they become interested or go along with it because their men are interested.(In contrast, men are less expected to go along with things that are deemed women things, like movies coded as “chick flicks.”)

    That said, I am not sure I would read much into the lack of women watching Women’s Tennis in a Sports Bar.Women’s Tennis is extremely popular among women (at least among the women I know).It’s just that women don’t tend to watch it in sports bars.

    And don’t despair DP as to who will care about women’s sports. I do think the culture is changing, slowly but inexorably.Just consider the fact that three dudes in a sports bar were watching the NCAA Women’s Title.I bet that would have been considered totally weird 30 years ago.

    I agree with what you’re saying, I just think in terms of prescriptions you need to build a new culture, not just throw more money at the sports (though you need to do that too).

    I think the best way to build that culture is to have boys and girls engage in sports at the same ages, in the same way.

  22. Amen to that DP. As a child I thought I was just naturally untalented at sports. And then one day I began babysitting a 2-year-old boy. As I encouraged him to shoot his nerf-basketball through his little basketball hoop and hit his foam baseball with his foam baseball bat, as well as playing with a plethora of other athletic toys I had NO idea existed, I realized that little boys begin developing all these motor skills and hand-eye coordination from day one, something that simply didn’t happen with little girls born in 1970.

    And then of course if you happen to think yourself naturally untalented in sports, you’re going to be less likely to gravitate towards wanting to watch sports, and in turn, less likely to pass that interest down to your same-sex child. And on and on.

  23. The “people don’t watch women’s sports because the skill level is lower than men’s sports” argument has a compelling (to me) counter-argument: men’s college basketball and football. The worst NBA/NFL team would crush the best college basketball/football team, and it wouldn’t be close. And yet these (relatively) unskilled teams are hugely popular.

    Personally, I think there are many factors at play in determining why people watch particular sports; I think the skill level of the athletes involved is not one of the most important factors.

  24. I am so tired of the argument that people don’t watch women’s sports because they don’t play as well as men. It’s not like there were any women weighing in when the world determined the standards for what a skilled player should do.

  25. Laurie, sport has such a visceral immediacy that i feel generally if a person finds a sport fun and interesting to watch. That socialisation could repress that enjoyment to a secret hidden guilty pleasure, but not down to total indifference and boredom

    I hope she nows decides to practise what she preaches and watch more women’s sport. Mens sports are now overreliant on speed and power, to the detriment of the actual skill of the sport. Thats why watching women can be more entertaining for skill lovers

  26. –bill: The “people don’t watch women’s sports because the skill level is lower than men’s sports” argument has a compelling (to me) counter-argument: men’s college basketball and football. The worst NBA/NFL team would crush the best college basketball/football team, and it wouldn’t be close. And yet these (relatively) unskilled teams are hugely popular.

    This is a very good point. I hadn’t really thought of these counter-examples, but you’re right that they suggest that something other than disparate skills explain at least some of the gap in viewership between men’s and women’s sports.

    Meredith:
    I am so tired of the argument that people don’t watch women’s sports because they don’t play as well as men. It’s not like there were any women weighing in when the world determined the standards for what a skilled player should do.

    You’re right, but I guess this observation strikes me as somewhat unresponsive. It was probably inevitable that competition based on human physical abilities would develop in civilization, and it’s really unlikely that such competitions could develop wholly divorced from physical talents such as speed and strength, talents which are (in aggregate) unequally distributed between men and women. Perhaps if patriarchy had not been a fact of life, there would be a somewhat different mix of sports which would have become popular, and in some of those women would have been equal to or better than male competitors? I will admit that, constrained by cultural types that I am, it is hard to imagine an athletic (re: physical abilities) competition in which women have parity or an inherent advantage over men. I suppose you could range further afield to, say, chess, which some would consider a “sport,” and where women are perfectly capable of competing with and beating the best male competition, even though culture keeps large numbers of girls and women from competing.

  27. Anon21

    Women have an inherent advantage in a lot of aquatic sports. If it’s just a short-distance race, skilled men can still generally outpace skilled women. In the long run though, women have a huge advantage.

    You can also have physical sports that don’t trade on strength and speed, but on dexterity, agility, balance, etc.. For instance, we have games where aim is dominant, such as curling*, snooker, billiards, darts, archery, and uhh, whatever you call shooting targets with a gun. There’s also a lot of variations on the idea of dancing competitions, including on ice with skates, and in the water, on an elevated narrow bar, etc..

    * Upper body strength might matter in Curling, but I’m not sure if it’s so important as to make a big difference. It’s not like male curlers are known for being particularly burly.

  28. Yesterday, a male friend on Facebook posted about how much better the women’s World Cup is, and it truly warmed my heart, especially since no one disagreed with him.

    Until just a couple years ago, I had never had any particular interest in sports, but my partner got me into MMA. And, as I do, I looked up lots of information about it online and began following some MMA blogs.

    The sexism just boggled me. One thing I like so much about MMA is that women fighters aren’t cordoned off into their own fight promotions–though the biggest MMA promoter, the UFC, is men only, most of the other national promoters do have some female fighters [and occasionally a women’s fight is a co-main event, too]. I thought that maybe this would mean you wouldn’t hear as much of the same old shit about women not being as good as men at sports and the like. Nope. There’s no word for it besides sexism, either–it absolutely does not matter the quality of a women’s fight, comments on MMA blogs and Twitter about it will contain an overwhelming number of comments like “Women’s fights are boring,” or, “Women can’t fight as well as men, because anatomy” or the ever-amusing “You can call me sexist, but… ” dismissals of the fight and the female fighters.

    But the worst is when a female fighter is so damn good at fighting no one can say she’s boring, etc.; instead, the response is a bunch of disgusting criticisms of her appearance and accusations that she’s really male. Right now, the best female fighter out there that I know of is Cris “Cyborg” Santos, who has been called every nasty derogatory thing douchebags can think of, and she can’t even get her contract renewed despite a winning streak of ten fights. I truly believe it’s because she’s not conventionally attractive. The same promoter she’s been with, Strikeforce, has been only too eager to hype the return of Gina Carano, who hasn’t fought in quite some time after a loss to Cyborg–but Carano is widely regarded as the “hottest” female fighter. [Lots of fans even referred to the Cyborg-Carano fight as a Beauty and the Beast fight, FFS.] All of this is to say nothing of how frequently MMA fans comment or tweet to blast “political correctness,” or defend their sexist remarks [and dominance of MMA commentary] to the bitter end. It seems like many fans regard MMA as their sacred bro-space, not to be fettered with pesky women who challenge gender roles/expectations.

    So I don’t know where the solution is. Institutionally, MMA is more welcoming of female athletes than plenty of other sports [despite setbacks like I describe above]. Professional commentators and prominent bloggers do give women athletes genuinely fair coverage generally–it’s the comments where it all goes to hell. I can only figure that it’s just cultural sexism showing its ugly head… but it is extremely frustrating and upsetting. [Can you tell I’ve had this rant brewing awhile? Sorry if this is off topic somewhat.]

    @–bill: I never thought of the college sports argument, but I’ll be using it!

  29. @Ens

    Upper body strength does matter in curling, but weirdly it’s in the sweeping more than the throwing. Men can have a much bigger effect on the path of the rock with their sweeping than women do, which effects the types of shots they each try to make. Which style of play is “better” actually has a lot to do with the ice (some ice is faster than other ice), and unsurprisingly, the Olympics tend to have power-friendly ice surfaces.

    /curling geeking

  30. Ens:
    Anon21

    Women have an inherent advantage in a lot of aquatic sports.If it’s just a short-distance race, skilled men can still generally outpace skilled women.In the long run though, women have a huge advantage.

    Err, huh? All men’s swimming records are faster than women’s swimming records at all distances and by significant margins.

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_world_records_in_swimming

    I don’t think the college basketball/football comparison is analogous because both college versions draw in far more of the country (think places like Nebraska which have no pro sports teams), have ingrained regional/very historical rivalries, as well as compelling postseasons. The lesser relative skill level helps to make sports in both college versions somewhat more equitable in terms of seeing a diversity of winning teams than professionally. Women’s sports leagues, such as the WPS or the WNBA are extremely new, located in only large urban areas, and only get SportsCenter mention after awarding of the Championship, essentially.

    I also don’t think tennis or other individual sports are instructive, these sports allow for cult of personality to thoroughly drown out athletic pursuit. Women’s tennis in particular is characterized as having had many “divas”: the Williams sisters, Hingis, Azarenka, Sharapova, etc. , and this aspect of this personality receives nearly as much attention as their play. And obviously, there, sex appeal plays a strong role in the popularity of the sport.

    Sure, one of the biggest problems facing women’s sports is interest, getting women to stay with a sport, getting people to pay attention, and of course, getting media coverage. But I don’t think there’s anything inherent to women (or even “less-skilled players”) playing a sport that’s off-putting. I think most people if given the chance to watch the Women’s World Cup (which for the first time has had all its games televised live by ESPN) would find it very interesting b/c most of the games have been pretty competitive, even if slower and more mistake-prone than its male counterpart. After all, ESPN manages to make trick shot pool, TimberSports, bowling, and a whole host of other obscure sports interesting by managing to display the competitiveness of the athletes.

  31. The ability gap between men and women in such sports such as soccer is too large to ignore. The top women’s team would not fare well against even an under 17 from any nation that cares about soccer.

    This holds true for most of the other major sports like basketball and hockey. In fact, in the case of hockey, the competition level among nations is so poor that Canada vs USA has been the final of every world championship / olympic final in the last 20 years.

    The public pays attention to the best athletes. That explains why lower division mens sports and international events such as the special olympics receive minimum attention.

  32. Sid,

    I think Ens is referring to open-water marathon swimming, in which women have an advantage. I couldn’t tell you at what distances the disparity kicks in or how much the disparity is, but I do know that women consistently outperform men in such feats as swimming around Manhattan. I believe Shelley Taylor-Smith holds the record for that, as well as the 4-mile world record. Women consistently prevail in other long distance open-water races like swimming the Catalina Channel.

  33. Tg, Whenever these discussions come up, someone proposes variations of the idea that even a mediocre soccer team of high school boys would crush the winners of the Women’s World Cup. The implication is that women are so physically pathetic that you can’t expect people to be interested in their little efforts.

    But others have pointed out that in men’s sports, there is often great interest in individuals or teams who aren’t the largest, strongest, and fastest. As someone noted upthread, Americans watch college sports avidly even though a winning college team would likely get its ass kicked by even a mediocre professional team. Another great example I’ve heard is that of the famous boxer, Oscar de la Hoya. I don’t follow boxing but even I have heard of this guy, but he was never a heavyweight. And you could probably make the argument that even a top welterweight like Oscar de la Hoya would be crushed by a mediocre heavyweight. But people don’t make that argument and Oscar de la Hoya is a revered athlete. No one says that the mediocre heavyweight is the “best athlete” when compared to the top welterweights.

    Now, while I think you are comparing apples to oranges to tg, I do think you are right that that kind of thinking does influence the public’s reaction to women’s sports. But, I think examples like women’s tennis, or the 1996 Women’s World Cup in Soccer, or the Olympics (which are often plagued by terrible sexism), or the UConn women’s basketball team, show that people can and do get passionately excited by top-level women’s play.

  34. as annoying as it is, as a former collegiate athlete, it wasn’t until my junior year that we began gaining a large fan following. once fans came to see how we played, and most importantly that we won, they continued to trickle in. it will be an uphill battle for womens sports always, and it’s just unfortunate.

  35. One thing I’ve been happy about with the Women’s world cup is that all the games are shown live streaming on espn.com. I don’t have TV or cable, but I do have internet, so I can watch the games when they’re on. I’m a woman who loves watching sports, but the sports I enjoy watching aren’t big in the US, so it’s hard to find them on US media. I like watching soccer, tennis, skiing (downhill, cc, and jumping), track & field, and swimming of both genders.

  36. Here are some long distance swimming records. They seem to be about evenly distributed by gender. http://www.internationalmarathonswimminghalloffame.com/marathon-swimming-records—americas.html

    In response to the original article, I find it kind of hypocritical to complain about the lack of interest in women’s soccer immediately after admitting to having no interest in women’s soccer. Media shouldn’t be expected to cover things that people don’t care about. I really enjoy women’s soccer, but the way to grow it isn’t to force the World Cup down everyone’s throats once every four years. Support for the WPS and college soccer have to grow first. If Anna Lekas Miller wants to see more coverage of women’s soccer, then she should start following it. NYU’s season starts in Spetember: http://www.gonyuathletics.com/schedule.aspx?path=wsoc

  37. (oh, for clarity, I like watching all those sports for both genders, not just swimming).
    I’ve found with the sports I like, there’s not as much gender bias. Tennis and downhill skiing have almost no gender bias in popularity, and swimming and track & field have very prominent female athletes. It really seems like it’s mainly women’s team sports that are less popular.

  38. You raise some good counterpoints, Laurie.

    Let me just say that women’s soccer relatively speaking is successful. Comparing it men’s, which is the most popular world sport is not that fair. I’ve got a bit of the women’s games and the stadiums look filled.

    As for the college and non-heavyweight boxing example I believe that in both cases they still perform poorly to their professional and heavyweight counterpart. In the case of boxing, the steep decline in popular interest has followed the steep decline in the quality of American heavyweight fighters. The popularity of college sports is also helped by the fact that a lot of the interest is derived from college students and alumni who’s primary motivation is supporting their school. In fact I would not be surprised if a college women’s team had more male fans than a WNBA team.

    Anyway, I guess my overall point would be that its not really fair to women’s sports to use as a basis of success there ability to be as popular as their male counterpart.

  39. Pingback: Ouch. « Gershom
  40. Golf irritates me – it was bad enough not getting to see the adventures of Laura Davies more weeks than not on major networks (as one could have done with a male favourite), but it is now particularly irksome that women’s prize funds are so overshadowed not only by men’s but by the senior men’s, and that, given the prominence among sponsors of… I’ll call them romantic rejuvenators, that’s unlikely to change anytime soon.

    Tennis keeps seeming to fluctuate, sometimes for technological reasons, sometimes reasons of personality. When new rackets helped lead to those Sampras-Ivanisevic Wimbledon finals with extremely short points, many men preferred watching the women’s game. At the moment, Novak Djokovic overtaking Roger Federer and Rafael Nadal feels very reminiscent of when Steffi Graf broke the Chris Evert-Martina Navratilova virtual stranglehold of the women’s game 25 years ago.

  41. GAAAAAAAAHH!!!!

    I turned off the Brazil game to go grocery shopping before Wambach’s goal!

    Excuse me. I have to go pound my head on my desk for about an hour now.

  42. I agree with much of what’s here, but I’d also like to point out that there are differences in coverage based on where you live. In Canada, pretty much every game has been broadcast (both live and replayed) on one of the biggest networks (CBC), and everywhere I go (within Toronto) I hear people (men and women alike) talk about the sport. I found it really interesting, because I expected the entire event to pass pretty much as you’ve outlined here.

    Second, and this by no means is the sole reason why men’s soccer is still nowhere near as prestigious as women’s soccer but is moreso just a consideration, a lot of people follow the men’s league because the international teams at the World Cup level usually consist of exceptionally famous players (and yes, there is a lot to be said about why senior female soccer players aren’t known around the world in between cups). A lot of people follow because they already know the names, and if there’s anything we’ve learned in the last week or two, big names often matter more than actual events taking place in the world.

  43. I’m interested in women’s soccer. I watch it, with my partner, at home. I played a bit, mostly indoors, for fun. I like soccer in general (God do I loathe Aussie rules, soccer is a bazillion times better).

    But…I wouldn’t go to a pub or a sports bar to watch it. Many, many years of TV, experiences, going to such places occasionally, and everything similar have taught me that these are bars for men. I feel terribly uncomfortable in most pubs and sports bars, I don’t like drinks being spilled on me, I don’t like being yelled at. I’ve had bad experiences in these places. I’m going to watch it at home.

    I may be unique, but possibly not?

    All of that said, I used to compete in women’s rock climbing. Wow are climbing techniques massively different between men and women – it’s practically a different sport. Men have superior reach (most of the time), women have superior flexibility (most of the time). Both are very exciting to watch, of course. But when climbing with my all-male set of friends, we basically understood that I could get up an Aussie Grade 25, and no one else could. They called it an unfair advantage then – I was small, lithe, so weighed less and was able to jump for smaller holds and hang on. I wish rock climbing were generally a sport shown on TV, I’d be more interested in it. I’m almost only interested in what I actually play myself.

  44. Noooooooo Bitter Scribe!

    This was the first women’s soccer match that I’ve watched in full, in maybe ever. I’ve watched parts of a lot, but in general I get turned off by lack of name recognition. I know the US team well enough, know Marta and that’s about it. It’s the same reason I only watch parts of games when teams I don’t know are playing.

    Anyway, this game goes up in the top five for me. I’ve been starved for soccer in general, and Japan is still in, so I’m hooked for the rest of the tournament I think.

  45. I think that at the end of the day, skill matters. The games with the best competitors will always have better coverage.

    Who here followed the Special Olympics, and (going back to soccer) who will be following the FIFA U-20 World Cup?

  46. I really liked this article because as a fan of international sports, especially international soccer, and as a media scholar, I have often pondered the same thing. Is it the lack of access to womens’ sports that creates a lack of interest or a lack of interest that leads to a lack of exposure? I am of the belief that it is the former. The Womens’ World Cup was hardly advertised to the point that I didn’t know when it was being held and I had to actively seek out the information (I can’t remember the last time I had to search for more than 3 seconds to find a schedule) and I missed a bunch of matches. When I was younger we had a professional womens’ soccer league. I never remember it being televised, it lost sponsors and it folded. I was crushed and so were many of my friends, but it was simply unreasonable to expect my parents to drive 2 hours to and from the matches. If they were shown on TV the fan base would have grown.

    In addition, I do think that the level of play in Women’s Fifa is just as good and just as exciting as the men’s play. In fact, as I recently explained to some friends, I find the women’s play more exciting because there is less diving than there is in men’s (although according to NY Times article diving is increasing for women too)

  47. Guess what: your Fox News blondie was right. A good U16 boys team (let’s say, FC Barcelona for the sake of the argument) would take any WWC team to school on technical skill. This situation is rather unique to soccer. In any other sport I follow there is a speed and strength gap but no technique gap. I do not pretend to understand the reasons for this, but it is empirically true.

    Bitter Scribe:
    Women’s sports seem to be a special target of conservatives. I remember how, when the U.S. won the Women’s World Cup in 1999, some Fox News blondie sneered that “a team of high-school boys could beat them.” That was 11 years ago, and I still haven’t figured out what she thought that had to do with anything.

    (I don’t know much about soccer, but because I’m weird, for some reason I love watching goalkeepers make great saves. Hope Solo, the USA’s goalie, has some terrific highlight reels on YouTube. But unless you have a strong stomach, stay away from the one where she recounts slicing her forearm open on a goalpost hook during a save. Gruesome.)

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