In defense of the sanctimonious women's studies set || First feminist blog on the internet

who will survive this storm?

who will care for our children and our mothers?
who will stop the genocide of african american babies. when the infant mortality rate for black babies in the states is twice as high than whites and rivals some of the poorer countries in the world?
who will not turn their heads and speak of easier topics, but stay day after day, birth after birth to watch that our children, too, survive?
these are the questions that keep me up at night.

In comparison to white women, black women are 3.7 times more likely to die in pregnancy, four times more likely to die in childbirth and twice as likely to give birth prematurely, according to the Joint Center for Political and Economic Studies and the United Nations. Even though black women have babies with significantly lower birth weights than white women, African-born black immigrants have nearly identical baby weights to white women and Caribbean-born immigrant women also have significantly heavier babies than US-born black women.

In the American Journal of Public Health, Richard David writes: For black women, something about growing up in America seems to be bad for your baby’s birth weight.

* the biggest myth in dealing with race and infant mortality is that people think that it is the consequences of social economics
* infant mortality rates among college grad white women is 3.7/1,000; among college grad black women is 10.2/1000
* college grade black women have a worse infant mortality rate than white women without a high school education (9.9/1000), in other words black women lawyers, doctors, engineers have a higher infant mortality rate than white women who didnt finish college

a lot of people dont see birth as a political issue. but in talking about genocide, who is born is just as in important as who dies. and so many of us have not been allowed to even be born. or to survive to our first birthday. so many of us will die in childbirth or from complications thereafter.

from the moment that i found out i was pregnant with aza, i looked at the world differently. i started to ask myself, as i know countless mamas have before me, what do i need to do to make this world a place that i want my child to grow up. cause you know what they say, kids grow up so quickly.

and as i read and studied and watched during those quiet months of pregnancy, i came to certain conclusions. for instance that there is little chance for this culture, for this civilization, for this world as we know it to survive. we must figure out how to survive the fall of our way of life. i must teach my child the skills that she will need to not only survive, but to know freedom. and i realized that we are only free, when we are supporting another person’s freedom.

as she has grown up i can see more and more that this planet cannot sustain us, as we are. and frankly, even if everyone recycles, and drives hybrids, and eats local and composts, that isnt, that can’t stop the destruction of our landbase. it will not stop the genocide of our peoples, our species, our lives.

U.S. minority infants are born carrying hundreds of chemicals in their bodies, according to a report released today by an environmental group.

The Environmental Working Group‘s study commissioned five laboratories to examine the umbilical cord blood of 10 babies of African-American, Hispanic and Asian heritage and found more than 200 chemicals in each newborn.

“We know the developing fetus is one of the most vulnerable populations, if not the most vulnerable, to environmental exposure,” said Anila Jacobs, EWG senior scientist. “Their organ systems aren’t mature and their detox methods are not in place, so cord blood gives us a good picture of exposure during this most vulnerable time of life.”

and so i began to think intensely: what will stop the destruction of our landbase and our peoples? because whatever will do so, is what i need to teach my daughter and myself.

and when i mention the maternal and infant mortality rate im not asking for your pity. im not asking for you guilt. im asking: what will save my people, my mamas, my trees, my food, my spirits from being sacrificed before the altar of industrial civilization, so that eurocentric crafted bodies are allowed to live another day. because it is those of us on the margins, who will are the most vulnerable, have the least amount of resources or access, it is us who are razed, sterilized, imprisoned, enslaved, pressed into the service of defending those who never defended us. we are the ones who are sent to war. and it is to our homes and villages to where the wars are brought.

remember when bush said: we either go fight them over there, or we will fight them over here?
remember it was the iraqis who responded: wait. wait. how is that fair? you are going to fight them in our homeland, to so that you don’t have to fight them in yours?
a us american soldier who said after he shot an iraqi child: the parents shouldnt have brought their children to a battlefield.
and another american soldier who wrote in an apology: we shouldnt have brought the battlefield to your children.

this is the way it is the world over, battlefields brought to our children, before they can even learn to speak.

so i ask you again, who will stop the genocide of our people? who will speak up?

who will fight for our mothers and children, who will teach them to fight, who will learn to fight from them?

when people ask me why i am an outlaw midwife, i tell them, because revolutionaries are born everyday. if we let them be born.


58 thoughts on who will survive this storm?

  1. as a nurse born, raised and currently practicing my profession in the state that has the highest infant mortality rate in the nation, I am without words. Studies and vital statistics would have us believe it is due to illiteracy, poverty, lack of prenatal care, race.

    For years I have accepted these excuses, reasons, theories as fact and worked with community health organizations to educate young impoverished women – black, white, brown, red and yellow.

    After reading your post, I realize it’s far more than just socio-economics. There is something deeper and darker taking place right before our eyes.

    Perhaps the American populace refuses to believe something this horrible could be taking place in the free world – in America. But it is. Continue to share this with the world. Only through revelation can things change.

  2. Thank you, thank you, thank you.

    It all seems to be symptomatic of the same sickness – the ability (and even the desire) to see others as things to be used, to see them as “less than”, and the willingness to control others. It’s sexism, and racism, and classism, and environmental degredation, and everything.

    Environmental pollution SHOULD BE more explicitly linked in with racism – ie, every time you spray Round-Up on your lawn, you are being racist, and every time you toss plastic in the trash instead of taking it down to nearby the recycling center, you are being racist, and every time you buy gold jewelry, you are being racist.

    And this is why. Environmental destruction doesn’t just make some amorphous “environmental problem” that everyone has to deal with – it hurts people of color. DONE. END OF STORY. If people want to accept their white privilege, THERE is white privilege.

    You rock, Mai’a.

  3. …holy shit.

    Up to several seconds ago, I indeed believed that it was all down to socio economics. I, um. Wow.

  4. Oh, the irony. Mai’a makes what I would have called totes not controversial statement that kids are people too and how society treats THEM is also how we treat their mothers (or caregivers of other stripes, like the disproportionately WoC who do the paid care work in our country) and there are hundreds of comments within two hours.

    THIS, people is a fucking CALL TO ARMS. This is it right here, laid out – USian society effects GENOCIDE on hir brown people STILL, 150 years after the end of slavery! And it’s crickets and tumbleweeds out here. WHAT.THE.FUCK!!!!eleventy!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

    This is a fucking abomination.

    “what will save my people, my mamas, my trees, my food, my spirits from being sacrificed before the altar of industrial civilization, so that eurocentric crafted bodies are allowed to live another day. … we are the ones who are sent to war. and it is to our homes and villages to where the wars are brought.”

    I don’t know what will save us. I know that I talk to my children about these things all the time. I sign petitions, call my govt reps, join boycots, donate funds, try to stay informed, try to boost the signal. I was raised that these are the tools of activism. It’s not enough. Still the rate of children living in poverty grows faster than the population growth rate – it’s not the world’s children who are fucking it all up. Still our congress cuts 800mil from food-stamps to fund a 700 billion dollar war.

    I know this cannot last forever, as you posted, it is unsustainable. But I fear that everything will be consumed before it all comes crashing down. I too am searching for better tools in my activism kit.

  5. Maybe I’m being intolerably dense and missing something (I think I most likely am), but if the link between race and infant mortality doesn’t have anything to do with socio economics, then what’s causing it?

    Why would these environmental factors have so much more of an affect on members of some races than on others, across the board?

    Like I say, I’m sure I’m missing something, but I’ve puzzled and puzzled and I can’t figure out what.

  6. @ S–

    If I’m reading/listening to the vid right, though, while environmental problems are huge, the crux of it is that that ISN’T what is going on–upper class minority women, whose babies would not be exposed to those toxins, experience high infant mortality rates. So what is going on??? The video seems to suggest stress as a potential source for the discrepancy, although I’d wonder about other factors like differences in care in-hospital, etc.

    Maia, I watched the vid on your site, but couldn’t find a reference to who was speaking or its source, or where the data used it coming from. I’d love to know more about who put it together. Deeply troubling data.

  7. The Earth’s natural resources are being depleted (and consumed disproportionately) and the altering of our atmosphere is going to continue to have devastating effects upon all life . For the 3 billion+ people living along coastlines across the globe, the impact of climate change will displace them from their land due to flooding. Those in the desert are finding their water sources completely dried. Countries with the most wealth will be able to afford the accommodations necessary to survive, for some lavishly, at the expense of the rest of the world’s population.

    In many respects, the damage is already done. Any solutions left are going to require a dramatic restructuring of power and privilege dynamics. The liberal approach of recycling or switching to energy saving bulbs is NOT going to slow down global warming, its not going to keep water sources from drying out and its certainly not challenging power structures which allocate and hoggishly consume the resources of billions.

    These are not simply problems of the individual and neither are the solutions. You recycle? OK. Now you can go to bed feeling good about yourself without actually having to challenge privilege or power. It is in this respect that I say its a bit silly to call someone a racist for throwing plastic away instead of recycling it and whatnot.

    If we are serious about solidarity with people around the world in battling racism, displacement, poverty, starvations and class-ism (among others), we have to stop thinking in terms of individual changes. The exploitation of earth and people, is a product of corporate capitalism. Its a system of consumption that will never cease until the resources it seeks, such as oil, are completely diminished. The solutions to that are not simple, and they would require radical change.

    ugh, i need a drink.

  8. part of the “environmental” factor is collective consciousness – the ways in which our ancestors were exploited/poisoned/weakened and how that continues to pass down to us in future generations. not only the literal toxins from strip mining, dirtying our water, building projects on top of toxic waste, only fast food & convenience stores accessible for food, etc. but also the toxicity of boarding schools, having our languages beaten out of us, having higher than average rates of sexual assault, having our spiritual traditions made illegal, not being allowed to learn to read and write and then when allowed an education is being unequal and lack of access to higher education. yes, socio-economic issues are part of the problem. they are not all of the problem. even a Black woman who manages to go to an Ivy League school against the odds, starts a successful business, whatever, and moves up the socio-economic ladder still holds in her bones /blood/skin/organs all the harm that has been done to her people for centuries. and she will still retain a level of stress and pressure. no matter how high she climbs, there will be those who say she got there by dubious unearned means. there will be those who point to her as an “example” that all women of color should try to live up to – and that is pressuring to her as well. there will still be those who call her out her name, those who look for an opportunity to take her down and remind her of “her place”. if all these things don’t make for a potentially toxic womb,, i don’t know what does.

  9. @IrishUp – not everyone here is in/of America. I don’t feel I have the right to engage in purely national matters when I have no experience of them. Saying “This is bad, and it’s grossly unfair to WOC in the U.S.” seems facile, as they know they’re being dealt a shitty hand. OTOH in the past some commenters have taken criticism of the U.S. very personally, as if it were criticism of themselves, and I can’t engage in a conversation like that either, it’d be pointless.

    I can’t be the only one who feels totally unqualified to speak on this matter.

    Also, we have maternal mortality issues of our own here in he U.K. It’s pretty much summed up by saying that Black (Caribbean) Brits and Pakistani Brits are disproportionately visible in infant mortality stats. In the Black (C) population this is primarily due to prematurity (in terms of early delivery, or full-term but underdeveloped babies) and failure to thrive, and the majority of deaths occur in the first 4 weeks. In the Pakistani population it’s primarily due to congenital malformation, and the deaths are spread out over the first 12 months after birth.

  10. Wish I could edit comments! I’m not saying that any of these commenters or posters have reacted strongly to criticism of the regime in the U.S.

    However, you only have to look at the comments on posts about UScentrism to see commenters who are otherwise insightful and rational descend to jingoism and a “USA#1!” mentality.

  11. Parexeni, i’d be really interested (and i know Mai’a enough to know she would be as well, plus it would be enlightening/good info for other readers so that we can look at this on a global level) if you happen to have info on suppositions/studies on why the Pakistani population is suffering that way. i have my suspicions, of course, but i could be way wrong or not seeing all the factors.

    that said, i don’t think IrishUp is all wrong either when zie notes the slowness of the general readership here to respond to this issue.

  12. Maia, this is so powerful I really do not have anything to say except thank you for putting this, and yourself, out there. There is so much in this to process, digest, and determine our place in it and what to do with that place.

  13. @haley –

    “These are not simply problems of the individual and neither are the solutions. You recycle? OK. Now you can go to bed feeling good about yourself without actually having to challenge privilege or power. It is in this respect that I say its a bit silly to call someone a racist for throwing plastic away instead of recycling it and whatnot.”

    I used “racist” in the sense of “furthering and relying on racial oppression,” in the same way that it is racist for a white person to rely on networking contacts in order to get a job. It’s a matter of choosing to participate as an oppressor in a network of oppression.

    I don’t think it’s a matter of “recycle and fix the problems” – I don’t think I ever implied that, either. But the unwillingness to recycle when it’s a matter of minor inconvenience to make that choice demonstrates a racist mindset. Someone who is a racial oppressor may recycle (and many do), but someone who is NOT a racial oppressor would consider the ramifications of tossing a plastic bottle in the garbage and choose not to do so, regardless of how comparably minor an effect the choice might have. Somebody who is not an oppressor would not actively choose to put their own minor conveniences over the well-being of an oppressed class, and the difference wouldn’t just be seen in recycling, but in all aspects of how that individual lives her or his life.

  14. Rose wrote: “Maybe I’m being intolerably dense and missing something (I think I most likely am), but if the link between race and infant mortality doesn’t have anything to do with socio economics, then what’s causing it?”

    Rose, click on the links in the original posts and you’ll get further explanation. One huge component is the constant stress of racism. It’s the sort of thing we white people tend not to notice.

    Here’s an experiment to try: Tomorrow morning when you get up, set a timer for 15 minute intervals. Every time the timer goes off, do something painful to yourself. Snap a rubber band or pinch your skin — something noticeable but not devastating. Do this again in 15 minutes, then again in 15 minutes, then again. Keep this up for a day. More if you think you can handle it.

    Then check your health status before and after the experiment. Do you feel pain? Are you more stressed? Has it affected your job? Your family? Are you more or less productive?

    Everyday racism isn’t the same as giving yourself pain on a regular basis, but it is irritating and it does affect your health.

    Mai’a, as devastating as reality is right now, I am seeing things that bring me hope. Communities are forming around gardens, neighborhoods, etc. Farmers are setting genetic crops on fire.

    It’s damned slow. Little things become big things. It’s hard being patient. I hear you.

  15. @ Roses,

    If you read the links in Mai’a’s post to her own blog, especially the biggest myth in dealing with racism and infant morality, she gives an overview of the systemic, social factors (namely, racism) that operate on Black women from the time they are conceived. Racial ‘microagressions’ (the “little” things, like when a white woman gets waited on before a Black woman even though she’s in line for twenty minutes and the white woman just walked up to the counter; being asked to speak for all people of her race, etc.) contribute to higher stress levels and the resulting negative physical impact (high blood pressure, depression–which has physical effects as well, and so forth).

    Bah. She said it better. Read her post.

  16. Parexeni, i’d be really interested (and i know Mai’a enough to know she would be as well, plus it would be enlightening/good info for other readers so that we can look at this on a global level) if you happen to have info on suppositions/studies on why the Pakistani population is suffering that way.

    Aaminah, I found the abstract of one study, from 1991, which found the following:

    A prospective study of 4934 babies of different ethnic groups has confirmed the high perinatal mortality rate for Pakistanis and has shown that this was not due to a reluctance to terminate a fetus who is known to be seriously malformed. The major cause of early mortality was a high rate of lethal malformations, which occurred in about 1 in 100 Pakistani babies and which accounted for about half of their perinatal mortality. Many of these were autosomal recessive and occurred only in the offspring of consanguineous parents. However, there was also an excess of lethal cardiac malformations which were not associated with parental consanguinity. The remainder of the excess perinatal mortality was probably due to socio-economic factors.”

    I also found a more recent BBC article (from November 2009) which contains some statements from people who’ve done research on this:

    “Researchers suggested first cousin marriages often resulted in children with health problems.

    Dr Tim Haywood, consultant in Paediatric Intensive Care at Leeds General Infirmary said: “We find that consanguinity within Asian parents is a significant risk factor for mortality in these patients.”

    Dr Haywood said they saw “a greater medical need” among British Asian infants, adding his team expected “more complicated cases and a higher mortality within this population group”.

    The report also found that it is common for South Asian children to have more than one disease or health condition at the same time.
    […]
    The researchers said a poorer quality of life, health inequalities, deprivation and low incomes in Asian communities could also contribute.

    However, the report found Asian infants from less deprived areas were in fact more likely to die before the age of one.

    Dr Roger Parslow said: “When we looked at deprivation and ethnicity, it was the South Asian children from more affluent parts of society who are more likely to die.

    “In fact there’s a slight reduction in the most deprived South Asian groups, which we can’t account for.”

  17. Aaminah – the datasets suggest that as Pakistani communities in Britain tend overall to be of a lower socioeconomic class than other BMEs (black or minority ethnic citizens). With poverty and isolation comes grocery deserts, poor diet, underemployment and a raised chance of developing conditions like diabetes or thyroid disorders.

    However, even when their socioeconomic status is weighted against prevalence of congenital problems in other ethnic groups with the same status the incidence is still higher, just not quite so obviously. This has been attributed to consanguinity due to cousin-marriage in the most isolated (culturally isolated rather than geographically) communities like Bradford, where British young people are encouraged to marry a cousin from their family’s village in Pakistan. The majority of Pakistanis in areas of Bradford like Airedale claim affiliation to one of only two or three villages, with a small group of ‘outsiders’ representing other villages. Each community will contain families from different villages back in Pakistan.

    Obviously when a new spouse arrives in the UK it can be difficult for them to access local health services, so abnormalities that would be picked up by routine pre-natal scans in other populations, go unnoticed in women who do not, or can not, seek preventative health care.

    Poverty is the main predictor of infant and maternal deaths in the U.K., regardless of ethnicity.

    I’ll post as many of the useful links as I can (from govt./healthcare sources rather than the distasteful tabloid musings)

    Original ONS (Office of National Statistics) press release: http://www.statistics.gov.uk/pdfdir/imeth0608.pdf

    BBC article based on ONS breakdown : http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/health/7471874.stm

    Oxford study on contribution of congenital anomalies to infant mortality:

    https://www.npeu.ox.ac.uk/downloads/infant-mortality/Infant-Mortality-Briefing-Paper-4.pdf

    Causes of Bradford infant mortality (NHS Bradford) : http://www.bradford.nhs.uk/ebm/BDIMC/Documents/BDIMC—Causes-of-Bradford-Infant-Mortality.pdf

    That final document states that Bradford’s babies are up to 5x more likely to die from conditions related to consanguinity than white babies in equally deprived areas. South Asian babies born to Bradford residents are also more likely to suffer with congenital abnormalities than S-A babies born in other British communities.

    It is, IMO, the best article to sum up the whole situation as it is locally focussed.

    Sorry that the links are mainly in pdf format.

  18. This is a powerful and unsettling post. There are truths that are difficult to uncover, because who gets to do the uncovering? How accessible are research and audits and who gets to ask the research questions in the first place? Finally, when we get the results, who gets to decide what needs to be done?

    That is just touching on Maia’s wider point, but I do feel that too often, people are told to serve and conform to services, institutions, when really these organisations should serve the people, because if they truly did, then they would do more then shrug their shoulders and claim ‘socio-economic circumstances’.

    Aaminah – IME, the UK Pakistani/Bangladeshi and some other Muslim communities has high rates of congenital abnormalities because of high rates of interrmarriage. I have seen families bury several children, all from similar conditions and it is just devasting to see their suffering. As you know, we have many issues around marriage in the Muslim community and this is one of them. I do feel we should be discussing this as a community.

    As a comparision, in the Sikh community, there are very strict guidelines on who can marry who, cousin marriages are forbidden, two brothers are not permitted to marry into the same family, you can’t marry somone with the same surname and so despite similar ethnic heritage and often similar socio-economic circumstances, they have far lower rates of congenital abnormalities.

    Another reason for high rates of congenital abnormalities within the UK Pakistani/ Bangladeshi community is because women may have children at an older age, and older mothers generally are more likely to have children with chromosonal disorders or congenital abnormalities.

  19. @9 Paraxeni – Although mai’a included US mortality stats, she beautifully placed those stats within a story of global issues, of importance to everyone who happens to live on earth. I’m not buying that the quiet of this thread has to do with people feeling unqualified. I am certainly not an international expert, and I hope to hell in my outrage I did not position myself in such a way, although re-reading my post I don’t think I did.

    Mai’as post asked a big question of the readership here:
    “Do you have as much to say about the actual lives and health of WoC and CoC – their real living, their real dying – as you do about the welfare of hypothetical children in straw-men strip clubs?”

    Well, yes, yes, I in fact, have MORE to say – and I hope MORE to learn. I am not going to shirk my responsibility as one of the AGENTS of those inequalities she talks about, by keeping silent. Like the bumper sticker says, my silence will not protect me. The silence on this post absolutely needs calling out. I am mortified, because of all the people who had so much to say about how important FEMINISM is for them, that they have NOTHING to say about a post that beautifully lays out the systematic ways marginalized HUMAN BEINGS are less valued right from the very start. Frankly, it’s stunningly fucking RACIST. I’m not going to put the burden of calling this bullshit out on women who are already bearing too much.

    What I believe is that women and children will continue to die until the people who are NOT experts – the regular people on the street, figure out how to make it stop. Well, that’s me, and you, and hir and hir and hir. And if we’re not invested in answering mai’a’s call, then what we are saying is we don’t care that our lives are at the expense of other human beings. No other way around it.

  20. I have no doubt the stress of racism is what’s causing the disproportionate rate of premature delivery and infant mortality for black people. In both NICUs my daughter was in, black mothers were disproportionately represented, despite having (on average) a higher education than most of the other mothers there. I mean….most of the white and latina mothers had a high school education, but most of the black mothers were college graduates. The myth is that it’s socioeconomic is widespread.

    For what it’s worth, I credit extreme stress as the reason my daughter was premature. I spent my whole pregnancy in a state of….more-or-less panic attack. I hid it well—the stress and the pregnancy. I hid it because I knew if my employer found out, I would be laid off. I was the first woman to break the pregnancy barrier in my Local. My fears weren’t unfounded; as soon as I was admitted to the hospital at six months with preterm labor, I asked for Family and Medical Leave. I got a pink slip instead.

    So, multiply that type of stress by millions of women, all day every day throughout their entire lives, not just during their pregnancy. Racism literally kills people. You can’t cure that type of stress with a trip to the gym, or a low-fat diet.

  21. but someone who is NOT a racial oppressor would consider the ramifications of tossing a plastic bottle in the garbage and choose not to do so,
    This relies on people knowing the ramifications, understanding the consequences and knowing who is affected.
    I too, was always under the impression that infant mortality was solely the result of socioeconomic issues, like access to prenatal care. Stress does have a negative effect on the body. Also, black women are at a higher disposition for health complications such as heart disease and diabetes. There may be a strong correlation between those and higher stress levels.
    I don’t think it’s completely stress from racism- I think it also comes from living at a lower socioeconomic status. Being poor is incredibly stressful- you have to worry about paying bills, buying food and hoping that there won’t be any unexpected expenses. On top of possibly working more than 1 job, raising children with no help…. (I raise this point to highlight that many living below the poverty level are women of color, not to erase the many of women of color who aren’t poor).
    So what can we do? Ideally, we wouldn’t have a system where you couldn’t afford the things necessary to sustain life. But that would require a complete overhaul of the system and it wouldn’t be overnight. What can we do to help women and infants right now?

  22. Cleopatra Abdou just wrote about the effects of a sense of communalism to alleviate the health disparity between African American and white pregnant women, although i’m not sure the study’s been put up on pubmed yet.
    As for what’s causing it in the first place, most epidemiologists say there are both socioeconomic disadvantages and just plain old racism to blame. Those things manifest themselves in the body in lots of complicated ways, and most of the attempts to treat them medically have been duds.

  23. My above post is suggesting that stress from other factors central to the lives of women of color could also be contributing to the high infant mortality rate. More or less, the concrete impacts of racism.

  24. In addition to environmental racism and the daily stress of dealing with racism, there’s also the very real treatment that women of color receive from the medical community. Women of color are perceived as not as deserving; as louder; as more demanding; etc. I suspect that when they draw attention to things that feel wrong in their own bodies, they are dismissed; I also suspect that a life of dismissal probably leads women to raise those issues less and to second-guess themselves, especially if they know that their doctor is not going to be receptive to their concerns, and if there’s existing skepticism toward a historically untrustworthy, racist and abusive medical system.

    And then there’s the often untrustworthy, racist and abusive medical system. And that doesn’t just happen during pregnancy — a lifetime of sub-par medical care, no matter how educated you are, is going to do harm when you get pregnant. The stress of dealing with the medical establishment when you’ve had a lifetime of poor treatment at the hands of that establishment is going to be stressful, which is not good for your body, and is especially not good when you’re pregnant. And on and on.

  25. “I don’t think it’s completely stress from racism- I think it also comes from living at a lower socioeconomic status. Being poor is incredibly stressful- ”

    Miss S – This is absolutely true, being poor/low SES is a known risk factor for poor health. However, study after study that corrects for SES shows worse outcomes for blacks, across diseases, across ages, across the healthcare delivery system.
    Science and medicine are coming to realize that stress – and in this context it’s “stress without recourse” which is unhealthy, stress with relief can be good for you – is also a primary cause of disease/poor health outcomes through a variety of mechanisms. Racism also contributes at the level of the quality of health care delivery. It even contaminates studies of these issues, because the medical profession is loathe to call itself out on its own racism: I have yet to read a single article on racial disparities in health care that doesn’t find some room to include patient blaming – “those people” just won’t do what their doctors tell them, yanno. It’s a toxic brew.

    (This is a nice little chapter on race & healthcare delivery in the US for anyone who’d like more info: http://www.rwjf.org/files/research/135-Part%202-Chapter%209.pdf)

    http://www.rwjf.org/files/research/135-Part%202-Chapter%209.pdf

  26. Aaminah said:

    “part of the “environmental” factor is collective consciousness – the ways in which our ancestors were exploited/poisoned/weakened and how that continues to pass down to us in future generations. not only the literal toxins from strip mining, dirtying our water, building projects on top of toxic waste, only fast food
    & convenience stores accessible for food, etc. but also the
    toxicity of boarding schools, having our languages beaten out of us, having higher than average rates of sexual assault, having our spiritual traditions made illegal, not being allowed to learn to read and write and then when allowed an education is being unequal and lack of access to higher education. yes, socio-economic issues are part of the problem.”

    I’d just like to second this. It’s so well put. The impact of a history of oppression over the generations shouldn’t be underestimated, but often is.

  27. I have no studies or data, but I think adding to the issues of racism, poor medical care, daily stress, environmental issues and the like is the lack of a sense of place.

    Of all the people in the U.S., African Americans essentially come from nowhere and, historically, have been welcome nowhere. Not only that, but we (in general) have no one to welcome to here – no ships of immigrants to greet, no Ellis island moments, nothing like that because, well, we are not from anywhere. Africans, people from the Caribbean and so on often feel no identification with U.S. Black people, and when one of their compatriots is to be welcomed, they do it themselves.

    Our communities have been continuously uprooted, ostracized, and starved of resources v- even where some have set down roots, they often don’t go deep. I think the closest “land connection” African Americans ever had was to the South and we might have rooted there, after the Civil War, enough to form a sense of place – if not for Jim Crow and all that other fun stuff.

    Anyway, I think all that must have some sort of effect on health.

    Nezua highlighted a study a couple of years ago that found that Latinas and other poor minority women were healthier (in general) than African American women – even given similar socioeconomic factors. I think (and, again, no data) that part of the reason for that is a sort of grounding that many Latinas have, an ability to reach back and touch the land, the traditional foods, the generational stories, the history and all that sort of thing.

    Most U.S. born, generational African Americans simply lack that, no matter how much we cobble together different practices and histories and all that from countries all over Africa.

  28. @S-
    “Somebody who is not an oppressor would not actively choose to put their own minor conveniences over the well-being of an oppressed class and the difference wouldn’t just be seen in recycling, but in all aspects of how that individual lives her or his life. ”

    I agree with the above statement 100%.

    I understand what you’re saying, I respect and agree with the spirit of the point your making, but I still have some uneasiness about it, and I will share why in case I am not alone in this idea.

    Someone who is not a racial oppressor would consider the ramifications of buying bottle water (ex.) in the first place; when rivers and natural springs are being drained from indigenous people’s land in order to cater to the first world’s markets for bottle water and beef (factory farming requires tons of water, especially when agriculture and livestock are placed on lands require elaborate irrigation ). There are many problems at play, but among them is the question of who controls the water sources and their distribution. The Global North has been and is, raping the Global South of her resources then turning around and dumping its trash on her land. This is not an act of one person, this is systematic racism, class-ism, geocentricism, so forth, which leads to another point.

    Where is the line between being an oppressor and being complicit in oppression. Is there one? I don’t necessarily think buying bottle water (ex.) makes you an oppressor, but it does, at the very least make you complicit because you are financing the exploitive corporations that set up shop in other nations, you are furthering demand for an unsustainable product by participating in its consumption , and your flaunting your privilege of having the money and access to bottled water versus drinking the purified water thats free from your tap.

    Also, as a person of little income living in the city, not many people I know have easy access to recycling. People collect bottles and cans for money, I have a bag of cans, but the nearest recycling pick-up is about a mile NE of this neighborhood. There are many marginalized people who don’t have the privilege of recycling being a “minor” inconvenience.

    This is a very specific issue, I understand we are using recycling bottles as an example within a larger movement of action, which is what I want to address. As I am currently residing in the U.S, what I see as a major problem within the environmental movement is that its invested in the same power and privilege that needs to be fought in order to reduce human suffering and ecological destruction:

    The liberal environmental message is buy a Hybrid, use energy saving bulbs (while living in the S.W desert), and consume products that are “green” and be sure to recycle.

    The message needs to be about building up our public transit to make it more accessible and faster and farther reaching (thus reducing cars), the message needs to about ending the suburban sprawl in the middle of the S.W desert (thus conserving water), the message needs to be about encouraging public control of spaces, about participatory direct democracy so that people have a proportional say in how resources are allocated.

    These are some of the steps of radical change that are needed.

  29. “… message needs to be about encouraging public control of spaces, about participatory direct democracy so that people have a proportional say in how resources are allocated.”

    @haley – you bring up excellent points. In summary, capitalist markets got us into this mess, but they cannot get us out! One thing I think about a LOT is private control of resources, particularly WATER! My understanding is that US companies are increasing holdings in Global South water sources, which is particularly onerous. IIRC, the WHO has added/wants to add a clean water supply to the list of human rights, in part because of this kind of thing.

    @paraxeni – thank you for the links!

  30. I have yet to read a single article on racial disparities in health care that doesn’t find some room to include patient blaming – “those people” just won’t do what their doctors tell them
    To add to this, sometimes people can’t follow doctor’s orders because of financial reason. The way the U.S has healthcare set up through the employer with the insurance companies in the middle, healthcare and medication are extremely expensive. Unfortunately, I feel like I’m preaching to the choir here, because I know most of you already know this. It’s the healthcare industry that needs a complete overhaul. If not, the health of citizens will be at the mercy of for-profit companies.

    Also, to add a different perspective, there is always going to be human error. I know when I was on the birth control pill, there were times that I would forget and have to double up. At the office I used to go to, the women often turned their noses up at me because I was on medical assistance. So if I would have gotten pregnant, I’m sure I would have been viewed as “an irresponsible welfare queen” whereas a middle class white girl would probably have been given the benefit of the doubt, as in “these things happen.” So perception matters.

    IrishUp, thanks for the links.

    Haley that’s a very good point in defining the difference between ‘complicit’ in oppression and ‘oppressor.’ Within the U.S, most of us rely on a system of oppression just for basic necessities.

  31. IrishUp @ 20 – sorry, I really failed to make myself clear earlier*. What I meant was that I really feel I have no right to discuss the American health’care’ system and the way it interacts wih race, as opposed to the issue generally.

    While the NHS has it’s problems (I should know, I worked for them and studied them) it at least exists. That is a huge privilege, and that’s why I feel I have no right to discuss what goes on in a country without such a system. I can’t fathom it, every article gets me angrier, and more tangled. Every discussion I have with someone who cannot access reproductive health services, every dollar I Paypal to someone desperately in need of a pregnancy test, just makes me bow to the bravery and strength of people who are left out in the cold, medically speaking either because of finances, location or minority status.

    That’s why I introduced my perspective on the intersections between ethnicity and mortality in my country. I know about them, I understand them, I’ve talked with some of the people both at the heart of collecting data and with the very people affected by the issues daily.

    I certainly did not intend to be seen to dismiss the issues in the U.S., but just hoped I could contribute to the ‘global’ part of the discussion, rather than stumbling and blathering over a specific area that I’ve not encountered. The racial dynamic is different in my country, the immigration issues are not the same, and the healthcare situation is completely different. I’d no more expect a non-UK citizen to be cognizant of PCT postcode lotteries or the problems with Yarls Wood, than I am of HMOs, Medicare and non-SE factors in pregnancy and birth in the U.S.

    I wouldn’t try and debate quantum physics with Prof. Hawking, I’m not going to chime in on the racism these U.S. WOC are suffering wrt accessing pregnancy-related healthcare because they’re in there suffering it, it’s not my job as a white foreigner to say “Hey, so X and Y keep happening and I think the problem is Z”. It’d be disingenuous to say the least.

    I’m watching and learning about it from the discussion here, so in the future I’ll be more aware of the shocking disparities in the U.S., but this isn’t a 101 type discussion to me where I can say “Explain this, explain that” and demand handholding. I’ll soak up the data and anecdotes and then go and research it thoroughly on my own so that in future, I’ve got a frame of reference.

    *Ironically the lack of clarity is due to the erm… feel bad saying this, intersection between my minority status, my access to healthcare, and how this impacts me financially.

    I hope the linked articles were useful. If anyone needs more info I’m happy to dig it up. I’d also like to hear perspectives on the situation in other countries.

  32. @IrishUp-

    It was reported earlier today that the U.N General Assembly passed a resolutions declaring for the first time, that access to clean water and sanitation is a fundamental right. 122 Countries voted for the resolution. The U.S, Canada, U.K, Israel, and Turkey refrained from voting, among others. I haven’t seen the full list of countries, but its unsurprising that the more industrialized nations, and allies, are not so interested in voting for a basic human right. Especially if it hurts their bottom line.

    here is one of many sources:
    http://www.alternet.org/water/147704/un_declares_water_a_fundamental_human_right_–_u.s._abstains_from_voting_on_resolution/?page=1

  33. I don’t know a lot about international law, but I never much saw the point in saying “such and such is a human right!” as seems to be the fashion these days, and then doing fuck-all to enforce it.

    And it seems disingenuous not to note that plenty of nations led by corrupt governments who do not give a flip about clean water voted yes to that resolution… (you think China cares about providing clean drinking water?? REALLY????)

    That said, the U.S. is a prime example of a country that has screwed over its neighbors, the American Indians, and countries across the globe with regards to water rights time and time again. And this directly effects the death of mothers and infants in huge numbers, no question about it.

  34. Thanks all for the insight. Yes, it would be useful if I followed the links, wouldn’t it?!? For some reason I guess I subconsciously assumed that they would be links to the studies etc that are being referred to.

    Going to fix that now!

  35. Re: Environmental Degradation

    Its hard to know how to resolve this one. On a local level, part of the solution I’ve supported (and I’d love to hear thoughts/feedback) is infilling affluent neighborhoods with low/moderate income housing and re-zoning so that development must be balanced and must include public transport. My thoughts were that inclusionary zoning will at the very least mitigate the tendency for cities/regions to develop “affordable” housing that is only affordable because its so damn toxic that people who have alternatives won’t live there.

    On a national level, I think we should support a complete revamp of the EPA into law enforcement agency. Of course national politics is iffy at best, but on a national level it seems the best we can do…

    Re: Stress

    Long-term solution is ending oppression…and everything we do to make that happen…but I’m also interested in immediate solutions. A dear friend of mine is pregnant right now and when I mentioned this over lunch she mentioned that even the (“incessant”) discussions she’s had with her doctors about managing stress have been stressing her out as she feels like its just one more thing she’s doing wrong. :/ So what community solutions are there that can be helpful without making women feel like they are also responsible for managing their stress along with five zillion other things and also without creating a significant time commitment?

  36. Wow Mai’a, just wow. This is amazing. And sickening.
    sick and tired: how racism impacts pregnancy outcomes just crystalises this issue, amazing read. I remember a piece posted on Racialicious a while ago about the documentary ‘Unnatural Causes: Is Inequality Making Us Sick?’. This is one of those things that seems so obvious once I’ve read it, but our social systems are so focused on denying women and children of colour the same humanity we white people assume as a birthright, on keeping marginalised people marginalised, and we individuals on expecting so much for ourselves off the backs of other people without considering at what price things come by.

    This happens in every national reported dialogue about Maori and Pacific women and child health and mortality in my country. We acknowledge it’s a problem, on the surface… and then blame it just on poor nutrition, smoking, mothers and families. Little to no discussion of WHY these inequalities exist, care is taken to not offend white people too much by questioning our right to privilege, and no discussion of racism as sickness causing or of the extent of the impact on a people of having their culture threatened and destroyed at every turn, for years and years and years. It’s constant patient-blaming and we privileged people just accept it.

    I’m rethinking environmentalism, how we’re invited to view it and ignore it, because the truth is just so disgusting. What I do seems very ineffectual but I need to keep expecting more of myself and my activism even if I can never do enough because it’s very binary – am I okay with this being the future, and if not what do I do? What I owe my community rather than what it owes me.

  37. @ Chava-

    I wasn’t being disingenuous, I explicitly said in the previous post, I do not have the full list of who did or did not vote for the resolution. The countries I was aware of were the ones that I mentioned, which are all industrialized and abstained from voting. My posts on water consumption may better explain why I made the implication of these countries protecting self-interest.

    I’m not a International law expert either, nothing even close. But I do see the point in explicitly stating human rights. Water, food, shelter, medicine, autonomy, these are things which strike me as being the rights of all people and that aught to be officially stated. How affective is the U.N in implementing and enforcing these rights?….well. I understand and agree that there is a large difference between what is expressed on paper and what exists in reality. So in this regards, such a resolution may or may not limit the suffering of people.

  38. Also, THANK YOU for this post. Without it I probably never would have thought to ask my friend about this particular aspect of her pregnancy and she said having someone to talk to about the pressure was feeling made her feel better.

  39. Have you ever gazed intently at a loved-one’s upside down face? My kids love doing this. They will find me lying back reading and will stand over me staring at my weird, buggish, monster upside-down face until they get giddy and giggly and one of us gives and has to stop because it is just so weird. How could someone you know so well—you know every scar and birthmark—how could they be so familiar, yet different and freakish and even scary when you look at them just from a new angle?

    That’s how looking at racism feels to me. I’ve been trained to see the world one way. The only way to truly see it in multidimensionality—as close to reality as possible–is to view it from other angles. Many new angles. New voices. And no more white ones. I’ve heard enough from white people—textbooks, “teachers,” lawmakers, constitution writers, “medical professionals,” anthropologists, sociologists, media moguls, pneumatic celebrities—really enough is enough. I KNOW that world view. And there is only one way to learn what is wrong within it—look from another viewpoint, listen to someone else. Going back to being quiet now.
    tx Mai’a et al

  40. @ haley–
    Sorry if it sounded like I meant you in particular were being disingenuous–most of the news coverage on the subject has been wailing about how the US, UK, Austrailia abstained, and not mentioning the hypocrisy in the fact that countries such as China voted yes. While I agree that there are serious historical and ongoing water rights issues with all the countries that abstained, I’m just not sure the resolution really highlights much of anything other than the twisted politics of the UN.

    As for the enumeration of human rights….well, I live in hope that one day it will mean something outside of national borders.

  41. @chava:

    The idea is that once an international treaty has declared so-and-so a human right, you can sue violators under the treaty. Not as good as the country in question actually stepping up and enforcing the treaty it signed, but better than nothing for sure.

  42. @ Kristen J. –

    One of the best things I saw when Courtroom Mama started a mini blog carnival on the infant/mother mortality disparity among birth blogs was an online speech by Jennie Joseph about her success in reducing the incidence of pre-term labor and low birth weight in her midwifery practice (clinic?) in Florida. I can’t find the exact video I watched but her website has a description – http://jenniejoseph.com/node/16

    Apologies for my inability to link properly.

  43. I think another factor is that, for Black women in the U.S., maternity has *never* been just about birthing babies, about creating families.

    In slavery times Black women childbearing was – no matter how “kind” the “master” – increasing someone’s property. In fact, mai’a, I thought of you and your outlaw midwifery a few months ago, when I read portions of the book Birthing a Slave: Reproduction and Inhumanity during America’s Slavery Era (that’s a review, here is the Google Books link,) which has some truly harrowing stories of how slave midwives were basically pushed out, while white doctors practicing the new gynecological/obstetric discipline were brought in to attend slave births. And “practice” is exactly what they did – they couldn’t practice on white women so they used the Black women as test subjects, to often very, very cruel and horrific results. The pre-Mengele’s.

    And even after slavery, Black babies have never been uncomplicated bundles of joy. Once they were no longer being produced as “stock”, Black (and brown) babies became pre-criminals, manaces to society, blights on society, suckers at the government teat, the princes and princesses of poverty that allowed their mothers to become welfare queens, the underbelly, the underclass, the crises in society, the “problems”, the loud, stupid, unwelcome brats, and on and on and on.

    What pregnant woman of color, even a well-off one, would not be affected by all that, even if it is internalized and not always a conscious thought?

  44. Somewhere in Mai’a’s comment sections, someone mentioned knowing white men who are so overwhelmed at the price of their privilege and the idea that their mere existence harms others, that they shut down and disengage from discussions about oppression. That description fits many white people, and along with being racist, it is arguably just as destructive as racism that is owned and proclaimed by the perpetrators. For me, I always thought the most respectful thing to do as a white person is to stay out of the way. I maintained that white people should mind their own business because they have no understanding or way to empathize with issues that affect people of color. That’s very convenient for white people, considering it is the oppression they inflict that creates the devastating issues people of color are left to cope with daily for their entire lives. This is eloquently exemplified in “who will survive this storm”.

    Since Mai’a’s first posting, in which I chastised her for not claiming feminism, I’ve read everything that followed, and studied the links provided by the women of color who were trying to simultaneously speak out and quiet the screeching and whining coming from many white women. This link was especially important:
    http://iambecauseweare.wordpress.com/roots-and-wings-the-combahee-river-collective-statement/

    It takes an incredible dedication to ignorance to pretend that disengaging and standing out of the way would somehow help the people who’s suffering affords you wealth, selective feminism, healthy babies etc etc. Because make no mistake, you cannot reach this cookie jar without standing on the backs of others.

    I read this particular post as a baby grows in my belly, and I am horrified, shamed and devastated. Apologies and explanations from white people are useless and often pathetic. Ownership of privilege and a commitment to listen are all I know to offer at this point. But, I am certainly open to suggestions.

  45. @ IrishUp

    Threads only blow up when a large number of commenters think the poster is wrong. I doubt many readers think Maia is wrong about this.

  46. Induction and C-section are both linked to infant mortality, and research also shows that black women have higher rates of C-section and induction and, of course, c-section caused by complications involved with induction.

    I’m not sure if this is genocide as much as it is women being manipulated by doctors who are banking on the high costs of both procedures.
    Genocide is defined as “the deliberate and systematic extermination of a national, racial, political, or cultural group” (Dictionary.com). This is NOT genocide. Doctors don’t want to exterminate black babies/mothers. That would be genocide. Instead, they want to reap the benefits of high medical costs and flexible hours (if they just go ahead and c-section, they can be home by dinner instead of with a laboring woman all night!). It just so happens that people are dying due to this.

    Naturally, women listen to doctors because doctors are supposed to be trusted. But women of color are being manipulated in a selfish manner and it is leading to high mortality rates.

    1. @midwife apprentice

      actually the legal definition for genocide is:

      In the present Convention, genocide means any of the following acts committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnical, racial or religious group, as such:

      (a) Killing members of the group;

      (b) Causing serious bodily or mental harm to members of the group;

      (c) Deliberately inflicting on the group conditions of life calculated to bring about its physical destruction in whole or in part;

      (d) Imposing measures intended to prevent births within the group;

      (e) Forcibly transferring children of the group to another group.

      from the united nations.

      and as for intent there is a huge amount of evidence, historical and contemporary, that points to the ways that doctors and other healthcare professionals, including midwives, view african american women and children bodies and lives as being of lesser value than white bodies and lives.

  47. Threads only blow up when a large number of commenters think the poster is wrong. I doubt many readers think Maia is wrong about this.

    I would not make this assumption. I think it’s safe to say that a solid chunk of white feminists, on this site and in general, harbor strong racist feelings, as has been amply demonstrated and documented. Their silence toward the death of brown babies, not just in this thread but in general, does not indicate consensus on ending racist inequalities. I’m not saying they actively advocate racist genocide or white nationalism, like their fellow white people of the right-wing with whom they politely spar in mainstream political debate. But most white liberals lie to themselves about their true feelings on race, because they’re unwilling to do the hard work of extracting racist socialization and white normativity from their perceptual prisms. As long as brown babies suffer and die quietly and out of sight, I don’t think it particularly concerns them.

  48. I want to believe in hope, I do. But I hate knowing that people will never realize what their privilege and racism is causing. Doctors and people will keep assuming that the only reason african american babies are dying because of their financial situations or because of their mothers. You will never convince a self loving person that their one small prejudice or stereotype (because there are stereotypes for a reason right *sarcasm), adds up with thousands of others, no one wants this blood on their hands, but they have it.

    Responsibility must be taken, and there must be action.

  49. OK. Trying to figure this out in my head. Because this is such a huge thing. I feel inadequate. I am a white person, not a doctor or nurse. What can I do to stop infant mortality among black people in the country where I live, the U.S.? OK, so stress from racism is a big reason. So I can be non-racist. I can do that, I think. I don’t agree with Amber that the best way to do it is to shut up and never talk back (“whine and screech”, to use some totally non-gendered language) to a black woman on a feminist forum. But I can call out racist people around me and listen and try to learn if somebody else thinks I’m being racist rather than going into automatic dismissal mode. OK. Number 2 thing would be to fight against environmental racism, the toxic waste dumps etc. Number 3 thing to fight against economic inequality. I don’t know how to talk to the doctors and nurses though, I don’t really talk to them much because I hate them, seeing as I’ve been abused by the mental health system. And then the history, the legacy of racism, well, no one can change that. We can acknowledge that it exists though, publicize that it exists so that a black person’s mistrust of doctors and hospitals doesn’t get framed as backwardness but as a logical mistrust of abusers who now claim to be different but still claim the right to make decisions for you as their prerogative. (At least that’s been my experience.)

    Systemic bias. The hardest and most important thing to get rid of. My experience is that of systemic bias against those labeled “mentally ill”. Black people’s experience is that of systemic bias against those who are black. The bias is so pervasive that black people sometimes even use it on each other–thinking of the Sean Bell shooting here as an example. Never spoken aloud without euphemisms but nevertheless there and affecting life-changing decisions, of who gets listened to and who doesn’t, who gets medical care and who doesn’t, who gets locked up in a nut-ward or frisked on the street or arrested or shot and who doesn’t. I guess this is where media deconstruction, which looks so frivolous at first glance, comes in–speaking up when your local newspaper equates black boys with rapists, black women with lazy sluts, mentally ill homeless with murderers, squatters with drug dealers and arsonists, etc. Challenging the stereotypes.

    OK. So those are 4 things I can do. Any others thoughts on what can be done to stop these murders?

  50. @Sarah-
    ” I don’t agree with Amber that the best way to do it is to shut up and never talk back (“whine and screech”, to use some totally non-gendered language) to a black woman on a feminist forum.”

    Perhaps I was distracting with my gendered language, but I absolutely did not say the best plan is to shut up and never talk back. I’m sorry if I somehow communicated that, because it’s exactly opposite of what I was trying to say.

  51. Studies and vital statistics would have us believe it is due to illiteracy, poverty, lack of prenatal care, race.

    After reading your post, I realize it’s far more than just socio-economics. There is something deeper and darker taking place right before our eyes.

    I think I’m not following you. Are you saying that poverty, race, etc. aren’t responsible for a lot of it? That it’s something worse than systemic poverty and racism, like active malice? Or are the effects of racism, etc. the deep/dark things you mean?

  52. Sarah: OK.Trying to figure this out in my head.Because this is such a huge thing.I feel inadequate.I am a white person, not a doctor or nurse.What can I do to stop infant mortality among black people in the country where I live, the U.S.?OK, so stress from racism is a big reason.So I can be non-racist.I can do that, I think.I don’t agree with Amber that the best way to do it is to shut up and never talk back (“whine and screech”, to use some totally non-gendered language) to a black woman on a feminist forum.But I can call out racist people around me and listen and try to learn if somebody else thinks I’m being racist rather than going into automatic dismissal mode.OK.Number 2 thing would be to fight against environmental racism, the toxic waste dumps etc.Number 3 thing to fight against economic inequality.I don’t know how to talk to the doctors and nurses though, I don’t really talk to them much because I hate them, seeing as I’ve been abused by the mental health system.And then the history, the legacy of racism, well, no one can change that.We can acknowledge that it exists though, publicize that it exists so that a black person’s mistrust of doctors and hospitals doesn’t get framed as backwardness but as a logical mistrust of abusers who now claim to be different but still claim the right to make decisions for you as their prerogative.(At least that’s been my experience.)Systemic bias.The hardest and most important thing to get rid of.My experience is that of systemic bias against those labeled “mentally ill”.Black people’s experience is that of systemic bias against those who are black.

    In defense of medical professionals, they come from wide variety of backgrounds and many entered the field in order to attempt to attack this systematic bias and try to change it.

    I don’t know how to build these bridges. Medical providers become accustomed to not being questioned and the anxiety created in patients by a white coat or stethoscope can shut down discussions before they even begin.

    This is not to say that racism or sexism or transphobia are not everpresent but that many problems result from structural flaws in the system and the lack of the class privilege necessary to get respect from the medical establishment. My perspective is limited to the US but I know there are also issues with the nationalized and private health care systems of other countries.

  53. A specific example: I worked at a wealthy hospital in an affluent area and watched (primarily) wealthy, white, well-educated women enter with comprehensive birth plans and walk out 24-48 hours later having been coerced into cesarian sections. I saw pain medication forced on women who want to use natural pain relief because staffing “didn’t allow them to monitor mothers in the shower or tub.”

    Some families, perhaps due to strong wills honed through years of struggle or others with a strong sense entitlement due to years of living with privilege were able to advocate for themselves and push back to get a good birth.

    Many others were tired of fighting or cowed into submission by the power conveyed by a pair of scrubs. Their birth experiences were perfect high-profit, well-controlled examples of the natal industrial complex. The system here in the US is sick and unchecked capitalism is one of the biggest culprits in many less desirable outcomes.

  54. How much more do hospitals make from C-sections versus vaginal birth?
    I remember reading an article that pointed out that some doctors are trained for very specific things. I’m assuming that all obstetricians are trained to do C-sections (please correct me if I’m wrong). If someone is trained to do a c-section, they are more likely to sugest one even if it’s not necessary, because 1) it’s quicker and 2) they know how to.

    I think an analogy would be solving a statistics problem by hand and using SPSS. If you know how to use the software, you won’t try to solve it by hand for as long. Obviously this isn’t a perfect analogy, but you get my point. I didn’t know that C-sections were that much more profitable.

    The article was making a point for having only nurses or midwives, unless of course there are problems and complications.
    While it won’t solve the racist element, could it prevent unnecessary C-sections?

  55. Again, thank you for another powerful post.

    …we are only free, when we are supporting another person’s freedom.

    Yes. If only we could all realize the significance of this.

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