In defense of the sanctimonious women's studies set || First feminist blog on the internet

International Day of Action Against the Northern Territory Intervention

Via Laurelhel and BFP, today is the International Day of Action Against the Northern Territory Intervention. The Northern Territory is a territory in Australia that is sparsely populated and largely made up by Aboriginal people, whose ancestors were the original inhabitants of Australia and the victims of white colonization.

The Day of Action is based around a hugely racist and imperialistic “intervention” on behalf of the Australian government in Aboriginal communities, purportedly designed to combat child abuse, but instead resulting in gross human rights violations.

I wouldn’t expect most people who have not lived in Australia to be familiar with the history of Australian Aboriginals — many Australians themselves aren’t, and though I lived there three years I’m not nearly as knowledgeable as I should be. But I have put together a very brief, very simplified overview of the negative “highlights,” because the current actions cannot be divorced from historical oppression. I invite anyone who is more knowledgeable to fill in the blanks and, though I have taken care with accuracy, to correct me if and where I am wrong.

To provide a point of reference, the early history of Australian colonization is in many ways similar to that of American colonization. Essentially, it was a genocide by British invaders, and just like in America, the effects of that genocide are still felt to this day by the descendants of those indigenous people and still largely (if not almost completely) ignored by white society, resulting in resentment and racial tension.

Starting in the 1800s, the Australian government began forcibly removing Aboriginal children from their homes. This became official policy in 1909 and continued until 1969, amounting to what is now called the Stolen Generation. Any Aboriginal parent seen as “neglectful” — which generally meant being an Aboriginal person, particularly one who lived a more traditional Aboriginal lifestyle as opposed to the modern white lifestyle — had their children forcibly removed. These children were supposedly taken to live with white families as a “humanitarian” effort, though large numbers ended up in state run homes.

This part is not provided in the link, but what I remember very vividly from an Aboriginal studies course that I took at college. These children had their names taken from them and changed. Siblings were separated at very young ages. Their lineage was not provided to them, their parents did not know where their children were and vice versa. Not only did this result in a profoundly lost sense of identity, it occasionally resulted in other horrors, like brothers and sisters marrying each other and not finding out until their records were eventually released. The Stolen Generation effort, though, was really a part of the larger genocidal effort. Interestingly, unlike in America where interracial sexual reproduction was strongly frowned upon, in Australia it was officially sanctioned and supported as a way to “civilize” Aboriginal people and to “breed out” Aboriginal blood. There were, in fact, breeding books for Aboriginal people, much like farmers keep for their livestock. As a result, many modern Australians with Aboriginal lineage appear white and may even be unaware of this aspect of their heritage. Due to purposely shoddy record keeping, it is unknown how many children and parents were victims of this policy.

Aboriginal people were not given full citizenship rights and the right to vote until 1969, and were not counted in the census until 1971. And, much like the Native American population, modern day Australian Aboriginals have hugely disproportionate rates of alcoholism, drug abuse, poverty, health risks and abuse, which is, of course, a direct result of genocidal efforts.

The high rate of child abuse is what the Australian government is claiming to take action against. Instead, the intervention is simply recreating the conditions that caused types of negative social consequences in the first place. From the call to action (which you should read in its entirety):

In June this year, the Australian Prime Minister, John Howard, announced that there would be a ‘National Emergency Response’ to combat child abuse in Aboriginal communities in the Northern Territory. The measures announced included the quarantining of half of all welfare payments, the abolition of the Community Development Employment Program, the appointment of managers for 73 prescribed communities, compulsory sexual health examinations of children, and the abolition of the permit system, amongst other things.

These measures are a violation of human rights, and is obviously racist and authoritarian. The passage of the Emergency Response legislation is dependent on the suspension of the Racial Discrimination Act, and the Northern Territory Native Title Act. Federal police and the military have been sent into the NT to enforce these measures.

Aboriginal people that work through the Community Development Employment Program (CDEP) manage their own wages and money. Abolishing CDEP will push people onto welfare and the welfare income management system that allows for quarantining and tight control of how people’s money is spent. Many people running businesses on CDEP in remote outstations are already being forced to move into larger regional towns. The extraordinary measures give the Federal Government power to seize lands and property without compensation. The owners of those lands and properties have no right of appeal. Lands will be leased for five years, but the government has plans to extend these measures for 99 years. It is entirely up to ministerial discretion whether rent is paid on those lands or not.

As you can hopefully see, there is nothing even remotely right, sensible or well-intentioned about these actions. They breach the Racial Discrimination Act, violate property laws, strip citizens of personal autonomy, push people onto welfare and then restrict their access to it. And the intervention does these things to only one racial group within the population.

Instead of working with Aboriginal people, the government is working specifically against them, including appointing non-Aboriginal managers of communities. This is not a dialogue, it is not help, it is not intervention, it is quite frankly invasion.

Aboriginal organizations in the Northern Territory have devised their own plan [pdf] to handle the child abuse problem, which has gone ignored by the government. And it is utterly unclear how the current intervention is going to fight child abuse, anyway. Aboriginal people are not ignoring the problem, they are asking for government accountability and to be treated like human beings.

You can read stories about the effects of the intervention here. Please spread the word, particularly if you are Australian or know people who are. There is a federal election taking place in Australia on November 24th. However, the opposition party is maintaining support for the intervention, which leaves Aboriginal people and allies the only option of voting for third parties who are unlikely to win.


18 thoughts on International Day of Action Against the Northern Territory Intervention

  1. Perhaps, sigh. I considered mentioning it but I’ve personally never seen it and though I have only heard good things, I am unsure of its accuracy and representation and how well-regarded it is among Aboriginal people. Any clue?

  2. Wow! I live in Australia and I didn’t even know it was a National Day of Action against the Northern Territory Intervention. Our current government has been promoting racism for too long and I’m looking forward to voting it out next week.
    The intervention is so blatantly racist you’d think that everyone would be against it, but many Australians are prejudiced against Aboriginals as a direct result of a lack of education about the history of how aboriginals have been treated since white settlement.
    I did a cultural awareness course at work (a big gold mining company.. american, actually!) and it was such an eye opener for me. It’s a crime that they don’t teach that stuff in schools here. It would promote a lot more understanding and tolerance. All the politicians (in government and opposition) should have to do it.
    As for Rabbit Proof Fence, I don’t remember hearing any criticisms from any aboriginal groups when it came out so I think it was a pretty good representation. http://www.iofilm.co.uk/feats/interviews/r/rabbit_proof_fence_2002.shtml

  3. The Northern Territory is a territory in Australia that is… largely made up by Aboriginal people

    This is misleading (or incorrect). Only 29% of Territorians are Indigenous Australians.

    The states New South Wales, Queensland and Western Australia all have larger Indigenous populations. Although as a proportion they are smaller than 29%.

  4. Seeing as how only about 2% of the Australian population is Aboriginal, I’d say that 29% is a “large” proportion. Quite large, in fact. I’d also say that any group who makes up nearly a third of the population is large. So I don’t think that it was misleading. But the link that I provided did have the numbers you quoted for anyone who was interested.

  5. Starting in the 1800s, the Australian government began forcibly removing Aboriginal children from their homes. This became official policy in 1909 and continued until 1969, amounting to what is now called the Stolen Generation.

    I hope I’m not killing tourism too much, as every time I bring up the country’s history, it’s to write about some nasty issue or event. Anyway, here goes: France had a somewhat similar policy on Réunion island, on a much smaller scale, between the early 60s and 1981 (when a socialist government was elected). The local deputy, one of De Gaulle’s lieutenants, hatched a plan to repopulate declining rural areas in central France. The central thrust of the policy was to encourage emigration from the island; in addition to that uncontroversial practice, however, over a thousand children were taken from their parents and sent to the rural backwaters of the métropole. The local administration generally targeted poor families, and resorted to a combination of overt pressure and false promises of educational opportunities until parents relented and authorized their children’s departure.

    But in most cases there would be no schools, not even of the walk-ten-miles-barefoot-to-get-there variety: the children were instead placed in farming families and exploited, rarely receiving any pay or education. In fact, in one département which saw the arrival of a relatively large number of uprooted children, people looking for cheap farm hands would go pick up a Réunionnais at the local institution — a slave market, as it were. The existence of this program was conveniently forgotten, and it emerged into public view only a few years ago, when one of the relocated Réunionnais filed a suit against the State (which I think he lost, so this is another one for the “Festering Wound” file).

  6. Instead of working with Aboriginal people, the government is working specifically against them, including appointing non-Aboriginal managers of communities

    What the hell? They’re essentially appointing colonial governors for these communities? In what universe is this (or any of the other putatively “helpful” measures) even remotely appropriate or helpful?

    Thanks very much for posting about this. I had no idea.

  7. It is a large proportion compared to elsewhere in Australia, but the term ‘largely made up’ indicates a decent majority.

    Regardless, I didn’t want anyone to be misled.

    When it comes to the intervention (with which I disagree) racism obviously played part but there is also a sense of exacerbation in Australia that little has been done to end child abuse and poverty in Indigenous communities.

    The current Federal Government’s poor showing in the polls early this year also contributed to the intervention decision. It was an attempt to appear decisive.

    In my estimation, a policy so cynical, rushed and authoritarian has little chance of improving the living conditions in outback NT communities.

  8. Re: the Stolen Generation, it ended officially some years ago true. There’s strong perceptions that it’s not over due to abnormally high levels of child removal from Aborigonal families by child services and juveline justice systems. So sending in police has scared some of the people it’s meant to help.

    There’s some hope in voting for independent parties showing solidarity, some will get up and we need to break and/or pressure the Senate monopoly that the Howard government imposing this has. The monopoly seems to be giving them the confidence/arrogance to get this corrupt.

  9. I was in Alice Springs earlier this month (which is in the Northern Territory, specific around Uluru, aka Ayers Rock). The Aboriginal People there are so very different than they are in Perth, and it’s very hard to explain. I don’t *see* Aboriginal people in Perth, except in the context of where I used to work – the Social Work department of one of the hospitals as a typist. Part of why I left is I could no longer deal with the casual racism of so many of the people there. I’m sure they didn’t even think about it, but comments about laziness, abusing of children, that they smelled, that the women were bad, were just common. And it was depressing and shocking to me, not because I think there’s no racism against the First Nations people in Canada, but it was so casual and unremarked upon. I tried to talk about it to one person at a different workplace and her response. “Oh, I’m sure you think they’re fine, but you’ve never had them as neighbors.”

    I see a lot of resentment and hate directed at Aboriginal People, a lot of disparaging comments made very casually, and no real understanding of what causes the issues in the community. Being in some of the museums and cultural centres both in and around Alice and in Cairns was very eye opening to me. (As was the museum in Canberra.)

  10. Saying that “little has been done” to end the problems is a fair criticism of the Federal government, but not so much of social justice agencies and Aborigonal groups who’ve been stymied by non-backing of their initiatives for years.

    When I go to feminist conferences about DV responses, without fail the best initiatives are from Aborigonal groups – despite their lesser funding. I don’t mean to trivialise the severity of the problems, but I wouldn’t want readers to be mislead either.

    For a decade plus states have been producing endless reports, which themselves involve emotional and political work for those who partake as witnesses, organisers and advocates. Then states don’t implement the recommendations, do another report and declare that they have to invade because nothing is being done! So cyncial.

  11. Great post. I only found out about the International day of action after talking to a friend who is an organizer here in the NT just one day before the planned action. There weren’t many people at the Darwin event and possibly this was due to people not realizing that it was on. We have already held several events and it is possible that people missed the latest flyers thinking the’d already attended.

    As there has been a definite lack of information around Darwin I decided to take a look online and found that it is mostly feminist bloggers who are posting about this issue. Good on you for bringing this issue up in your blog. In Darwin many women have spoken out against the intervention. Women who would never condone the abuse of children! I think this is a clear indication that the intervention is not addressing the issue of child abuse but is the result of another offensive agenda against Aboriginal people!

  12. I’m not Australian, but Rabbit-Proof Fence was a very enlightening movie for those of us outside the country. For white people (like myself) I think it was valuable to see that the Kenneth Branaugh character could be doing what he was convinced was the right and moral thing and yet be completely, utterly wrong in doing it. Which, of course, then makes us in the US cringe to think about everything we’ve inflicted on our own native peoples in the name of “right” and “the greater good.”

  13. I’d definitely recommened Rabbit Proof Fence to anyone who wants to learn more about Stolen Generation issues. The movie is based on the book by Doris Pilkington Garimara, whose mother was one of the girls who made the trek from Moore River back to Jigalong. Another excellent story is Sally Morgan’s biography of her mother and grandmother, My Place.

    Also worth a look; National Sorry Day website, an organization aiming toward reconciliation and an official apology from the federal government for the Stolen Generation.

  14. I am married to a proud Australian Aboriginal man and so obviously my children with him are Aboriginal too. I have also worked extensively within our local Indigenous community where I live in Australia.
    My husband was lucky enough to meet the woman whose story was portrayed in the movie The Rabbit Proof Fence and that woman was adament that there were many many misleading scenes in that movie. She went so far as to say that a great deal of it was blatantly untrue. This is not to say that there wasnt a Stolen Generatin, there definitely was and I personally know many of its victims. Its just that TRPF is not a historically accurate portrayal of what happened and cant be relied upon for fact.
    I have been lucky enough to hear the views and opinions of many Aboriginal people regarding reconcilation, National Sorry Day and the apology from the Govt that has never happened. I was surprised to learn that often their opinions were not what I had thought they might be. Many, in fact I would say most, of the Indigenous people I know do not want an apology or Sorry Day, they want respect and an end to institutional racism. The intergenerational cycles of poverty and abuse are so ingrained even in suburban Aboriginal communities that many Indigenous young people “cant see the forest for the trees”. They feel defeated before they even begin and many of their elders (not Elders) almost encourage the young people to give up. Fortunately there are many Indigenous people who are doing what they can to support and advance their culture and to support their people to be the best they can be. Its pretty obivous that our current government is incredibly racist (after all they scrapped ATSIC which really says it all) and events in the NT are just the icing on the cake. Yes something needs to be done up there to protect the children but not what our current PM has done (which is just to make matters worse in many ways).

Comments are currently closed.