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The Shape of the Problem

What I wanted to talk about today is employment. I am currently unemployed, and have known very few trans people offline who weren’t in the same situation. It’s difficult to really get a true sense of the employment situation for trans people, since most studies are small, and few if any actually separate the sexes (which would give us a much clearer picture of who in our community is unemployed). But here’s what we can say for sure: compared to the general population, it’s really bloody awful.

A survey on the subject was recently released by New York trans group Make the Road. There were a few key findings in that report, but the most shocking one was that 49% of their 82 transgender respondents had never been offered a job while living openly as a transgender person. Never. A 2006 report from the Transgender Law Center of 194 trans people found a 35% unemployment rate in San Francisco, at a time when the official rate for the area was at 4.7%. Over 60% made less than $15 000.

What is more damning is the role of the law in this–or rather, its absence. New York has had a trans-inclusive ENDA style law for employment since 2002, and San Francisco since 1994. At yet, the situation in both remains fairly well dire in both locales. Something to keep in mind for when a trans-inclusive ENDA eventually passes, the battle will still be just beginning nationwide.

I’m generally skeptical about statistics, but I don’t think that these are tremendously misleading. Maybe the scope of the problem is only half that for the whole trans population of the United States. Maybe only 25% of trans people have never been employed post-transition, maybe only 17% were unemployed in 2006 before the bubble burst. Maybe we’re only 3 times as more unemployed as the overall rate rather than 7. But those would still be devastating statistics, no?

We clearly need more and better information on this. And moreover, we need these statistics broken down by sex, and gender ID too. My suspicion is that trans women are far more likely to be unemployed than trans men, but that’s only based on anecdotal evidence.

Cis researchers have researched transness exhaustively. Medical doctors, psychiatrists, psychologists, anthropologists, sociologists, literary theorists, feminists writers and queer theorists have studied us, yet by and large they have concentrated only on cis-centred questions – why do trans people exist? What does it mean, for us, for the binary? How do they feel about their bodies? What do they do with them? Is it subversive or retrogressive? etc etc ad nauseum puke. And yet, the fundamental institutional elements of cissexism have barely even been noticed, let alone queried. For those of you who are academics or writers, who do research on transness or know those who do: think on this. Our needs as a community have been thoroughly ignored by your objectifying research. We don’t even know the entire shape of the problem, and this is equally true for the other endemic problems facing trans people – homelessness, imprisonment, rape, HIV infection and violence. People are slowly starting to do research on these things, but clearly there a great need for more.

For those of you who don’t do research, but may be in the position of interviewing a trans person for a job, think on these statistics, and think about how much more your trans applicant may need that job than the rest of the field, how few opportunities they may have had since starting transition. Cheers.


28 thoughts on The Shape of the Problem

  1. Gender itself proves problematic on all kinds of fronts. What is needed is more understanding of how complex and limiting a construct it is. As it stands right now, we’re only now really examining, as a society, sexual orientation and its fluidity. I think of things in terms of a inevitable progression, and having confronted sexual orientation, we will then be willing to see gender as it is.

    For as many people who are transgender and recognize it in this world, there are many who have no words, nor any concepts to explain how they feel. And if those who are transgender have these problems, imagine what others who are not believe.

  2. What does “living openly as a transgender person” mean? I live openly, but I rarely find any need to go into my history. People who meet me don’t know I was born transsexual, as far as I can tell. I transitioned on the job. I guess the acid test for me will come when I need to interview for a new one, which will happen.

  3. Adding my anecdote:
    I’m a transsexual man who hasn’t been able to find work since I changed my name legally. :-/
    I also know for a fact that being trans has kept me from at least one job (CVS needed people, especially people who were willing to work evenings, weekends, and holidays. The manager was ecstatic when I called and said that I, with my Spencers and grocery store experience, wanted to work those times. But, as soon as she looked at my application {and the former name section} she suddenly decided I needed pharmacy experience to work the register).
    I’ve been surviving off of my roommate’s foodstamps and then work and giftmoney from my blood-relatives (like taking care of my grandfather during chemo or helping my grandma move boxes & go through his clothes).
    Mind you, I’m looking for retail type jobs and will probably move into manual labor when I start T and get more muscles. Not academia and whatnot (which, from what I’ve seen/heard) seem to be a little nicer to trans guys. :-/

  4. Sometime losing your job or not getting hired has to do with other oppressions besides anti-trans-bigotry.

    By that i mean factors such as age, sex, religion, race, weight, ableism. Or companies just plain fucking with you. Perhaps you are too liberal or made the mistake of mentioning that a union might be a good idea. Or even that you supported Obama.

    The reality is that they mess with workers sometime because they try too hard and are a threat to someone higher up.

    And yes people with transsexualism or transgenderism are sometimes discriminated against because of their sexuality and not their gender identity.

    It really sucks when there are multiple reasons why we might be discriminated against because we never know what the real reason for that particular act of discrimination was.

    This just leaves us depressed and wondering.

    As for being out… Even hiding behind an alias and having a Blog or posting to blogs is being out and they sometimes investigate.

    All the spying that gets done produces files on everyone, but most particularly on those of us who speak out.

    The power of the corporations sucks and yet we continue to do ourselves a disservice by failing to unionize when unions offer workers the only real protections thay have.

  5. Suzan, all of that is true, but as a cis woman I can say that virtually all of the trans people I know have had far longer periods of unemployment than me: the exceptions are people who transitioned early, before they entered the job market. I am white: I am also lesbian, fat, feminist, butch, outspoken, a union member, and I do not suffer fools gladly.

    What research I have seen in the UK suggests that while people in transition have higher quality of life than trans people pre-transition, quality of life goes up substantively post-transition … including with respect to employment.

    Merely making it illegal to discriminate on gender identity or sexual orientation will not prevent employers from doing it: but it gives us a basis from which we can fight for our rights, especially, yes, with the unions on our side.

  6. @herong

    I shall take being confused for Little Light as a compliment. Wonderful writer.

    @Veronique

    Sorry, “live openly” is a bit misleadingly individualist and reductive. I didn’t mean just what *you* do (though obviously being out has something to do with it), but the combination of appearance, voice and institutional status. Even the most cis appearance might not mean owt if your documents out you (which I believe is basically compulsory in the United States with social security), or if you are known in your industry to be trans.

  7. @Suzan @Jesurgilac

    Yeah, I don’t want to minimise the intersections, but I do think that there’s something some inherent to transness. I meant to write some more about the Make the Road report, where basically they performed an experiment with two “matched” pairs – one cis person, one trans who were alike in every way except transness (equally qualified, same experience, same sex, same race, same age, both used the same interview technique etc). Unsurprisingly, the cis partner was employed 50% of the time more. The two trans person never out-competed their cis partners, though at one place both were offered a job.

    So yeah, that’s a small scale experience, but I think it’s telling.

  8. I was just suspended from work after two promotions and having been up for a third.
    Over the last three months I have witnessed a series of terminations on highly questionable factors. Included were matter that seemed racially based as well as age and class based.
    You can bet your ass that being out about being trans at work can and does work against you.
    But so does being a person of color, older or moving above your class.
    Being atheist or a Democrat can lead to termination.
    I’m 63, I came out at 21 I’ve seen the country shift to the radical right position where the decline of unions has meant that all workers but most particularly those with factors that can cause them to be discriminated have zero security or rights.
    Do you think I do not have a constant awareness of my vulnerability?
    Coming out as transsexual or transgender always leaves a trail in a way that gay or lesbian does not and it shifts our status downward. It is an automatic loss of white skin privilege in a way for those used to having white skin privilege. It is a loss of male privilege for those of us who transition to female. It is a loss of presumed heterosexual privilege for those who were not so obvious that their queerness was presumed.
    Those of us who are activist in almost any progressive cause one can imagine are anathema to the conservatism of corporations.
    Affirmative Action died with the election of Reagan and was sketchy even then.
    Think women are equal, voice that opinion and they whip Sarah Palin out as an example of women they support.
    Emily, I am not down playing anti-trans-discrimination. I am placing it within the realm of what should make us all part of “The people united, will never be defeated.” sort of movement. Last night I watched the Ken Loach film “Bread and Roses” about the 1990 Janator’s strike.
    Dare to struggle Dare to win…
    Si, se peude…

  9. I don’t understand how your point is relevant, Suzan. If we assume that rates of things like fatness, abledness, gender distribution, sexual orientation, etc, are similar between trans and cis communities–and maybe this is a bad assumption? particularly with regard to sexual orientation? but then again, maybe they’ve been mathematically compensated for in some fashion?–then those factors will not be the ones directly involved in comparing cis and trans communities.

  10. Queen Emily, thanks for the important post. I’m really enjoying reading your work because you highlight really important issues like this that cis academics just ignore. I don’t have anything to add, but I wanted to comment to say thanks.

  11. Just anecdotally, as someone who’s had pretty much everything going for me socially aside from being trans (white, college educated, able bodied, etc), I was shocked at how much difficulty I had getting a job pre-transition after I finished school… I temped at about a thousand places while also working a manual labor job (the only one I could get) to pay the bills, hoping I’d finally land a gig that would turn into a permanent hire. Every single place I temped at was the same–I’d inevitably get called in for the nebulous talk about how I’m just “not a great fit” for the company… until I started passing. The very first place I worked at stealth, the talk happened, but this time I was a “real smart guy” with “a lot to offer.” So I got the job, but was always struck by 1) how nothing that had happened to me over the course of that year would have ever been evidentially sufficient for something like a lawsuit (I lived in NYC), and yet retrospectively, the whole experience seemed pretty clear cut, and 2) even though I generally feel an imperative to play down my own comparatively privileged white FTM standpoint in favor of more intersectional positionalities, it really is amazing how, as Queen Emily wrote, there’s something inherent to transness.

    Anyway that’s all I have to add! Thank you for this post.

  12. Thanks for the post Queen Emily. I have a friend who is transgender, super well educated and went to the same medical school that I did. She was fired from a residency program because she was trans as (per her program director) she was “dangerous to patients and staff”. After 4 years unemployment, she had to restart her residency at a hospital that ended up closing. Although she did great at this second hospital (even won awards) she is again finding it hard to find another program to complete her training. Her first program is still saying she is trans and dangerous. Discrimination is still alive and well in the medical world. I’m hoping to find a pro-bono lawyer for her–any ideas?

  13. @ Katherine

    Maybe the Sylvia Riviera Law Project? I don’t know for sure if this will be a useful link depending on resource and geographic limitations, but it’s possible they can help with advice and referrals even for people they can’t service directly?

    I don’t have anything to add to this post as I think you explained the situation pretty damned clearly, QE. Employment (access and support) is one of those things that has ramifications beyond the immediate and obvious – it impacts the fiscal, the physical, the emotional, and everything else connected to those.

  14. @Katherine,

    A lot depends on the libel laws of the state she’s in. I know that “reputation” lawyers have enjoyed a big boom since internet searches have become more popular. If your friend goes to the nearest Legal Aid, they might be able to refer her to one who will do it pro bono or low-bono. In these situations, a lawsuit won’t be necessary most of the time. A strongly-worded pre-suit letter from a reputable lawyer will usually get the job done, and not cost very much. (Hospitals are notoriously afraid of lawsuits and will settle quickly and quietly. That’s why your friend might be able to settle this at little cost.)

    Many non-lawyers don’t realize that where employment law fails, libel laws often work. (Again, depends on the state.)

  15. Cheers all.

    @Suzan

    I do very much agree that organising through unions is the only real way to go about things. Like I said with New York and San Francisco, anti-discrimination laws are basically useless for us.

  16. I sometimes put more faith in the work people are doing with getting policies within the individual corporations than I do with something like ENDA.
    Mayor Newsom found the money to keep the SF program going.

    Did you realize that the National Transsexual Counseling Unit that grew out of the Compton’s Cafeteria riots of 1966 was tackling this same issue. We had War on Poverty funding that more or less ended by 1971. At which point the jobs training programs disappeared and Jan and I started helping people get welfare and City College classes.

    The issues aren’t new. Women were getting into the trades back then and we were often excluded from those programs because we were trans.

  17. I too am MtF TS and have had a horrible time trying to find jobs in my area my entire life.

    I get assholes who say I should move, but how can I move wh I have absolutely NO savings, because most of the jobs I’ve had were in the retail/service sector, meaning low pay, low wages, no union, ad infinitum.

    I too am sick of the rampant shift to the right, and the protections of the corporations over the people. I agree with Suzan that the direct war on the unions by the Reagan Administration began the death knell for the middle class.

    I’ve been trying for years to get on SSDI disability because of the depression I’ve suffered thanks to our LGBT-phobic society, and failed because I guess I’m not to the point I’m suicidal every day, or have numerous scars up and down my arms from cutting.

    I do try and keep sane by being a guest lecturer for some of the local colleges and universities, and that’s a great help educating the new generations.

  18. Indeed. If you’re trans, and if people know you are trans, you will be the “he-she” and good luck with finding a job.

    Been there, done that.

  19. Anti-discrimination laws tend to do a much better job at protecting people who are already employed and transitioning/out as trans rather than job seekers. At least that is if you are fortunate enough to live in one of the small number of states where gender id is protected under the law.

  20. Some more data points a trans man(as far as medical transtion goes) freind of mine has been having a lot of trouble finding work being out as queer and gender variant, because zie doesn’t want to transtion further zie is feared because zie isn’t consistantly read as either male or female.

    A couple of years before I started at my second highschool a trans women teacher was fired after she started hormones, and started persenting as female, on the basis that it would be confusing to the children.

    Work is the one place where I am not yet out.

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